【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,人們對(duì)石油的依賴程度也越來(lái)越高,在近幾十年里,世界各國(guó)對(duì)石油產(chǎn)品的需求,無(wú)論在數(shù)量上還是在品種上都有了很大的增加,石油繼續(xù)往深加工方向發(fā)展,更加注重把石油煉制和石油化工有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)資源利用的最大化。近些年來(lái),人們對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的認(rèn)識(shí)也在日益提高,對(duì)石油產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)要求越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格,這一方面增加了石油加工的難度,另一方面也促使從事石油加工的科技人員研究開(kāi)發(fā)新技術(shù)、新工藝以滿足新質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,這也使得煉油工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平有了不斷地提高。原油的來(lái)源不同,原油的質(zhì)量各異,原油向重質(zhì)化、劣質(zhì)化的方向的發(fā)展,都給石油煉制提出了更高的要求,需要針對(duì)不同的原油找出最適合、最優(yōu)化的工藝路線,以滿足市場(chǎng)的需求,企業(yè)也能獲得最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[1]。本文對(duì)原油的性質(zhì)和原油的評(píng)價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了論述,對(duì)當(dāng)今主要的石油加工的工藝流程及其特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了介紹,對(duì)各種石油產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了分析和研究,并提出原油加工工藝路線選擇的原則和方法。文章重點(diǎn)對(duì)蘇丹國(guó)三種不同性質(zhì)的原油進(jìn)行了分析評(píng)價(jià),并以其中一種原油為例,結(jié)合蘇丹市場(chǎng)對(duì)石油產(chǎn)品的需求以及目前喀土穆煉廠的產(chǎn)品狀況,利用工藝模擬技術(shù),選擇一條最佳的工藝路線,既滿足市場(chǎng)對(duì)柴油最大化的要求,又滿足市場(chǎng)對(duì)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)號(hào)以及環(huán)保對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高的要求。本文在定性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇了加氫裂化方案、催化裂化方案、延遲焦化方案等三條原油加工工藝路線進(jìn)行了定量的計(jì)算和分析,通過(guò)比較三者的柴汽比、輕質(zhì)油收率、符合歐4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的95號(hào)汽油的產(chǎn)量等經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo),最終得出加氫裂化方案是最佳工藝路線的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, people have become more and more dependent on oil. In recent decades, the world's demand for petroleum products, both in terms of quantity and variety, has greatly increased. Oil continues to develop in the direction of deep processing, paying more attention to the organic combination of petroleum refining and petrochemical industry, so as to maximize the utilization of resources. In recent years, people's awareness of environmental protection is also increasing, and the quality requirements of petroleum products are becoming more and more strict. On the one hand, this has increased the difficulty of petroleum processing. On the other hand, the scientific and technical personnel engaged in petroleum processing are also urged to research and develop new technologies and new processes to meet the requirements of new quality standards, which makes the technical level of oil refining industry continuously improved. The different sources of crude oil, the different quality of crude oil, the development of crude oil to the direction of heavy and inferior quality, all put forward higher requirements for petroleum refining, and it is necessary to find the most suitable and optimized process route for different crude oil. In order to meet the needs of the market, enterprises can also obtain maximum economic benefits [1]. In this paper, the properties of crude oil and the evaluation method of crude oil are discussed, the technological process and characteristics of the main petroleum processing are introduced, and the quality indexes of various petroleum products are analyzed and studied. At the same time, the principle and method of selecting crude oil processing route are put forward. This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of three different kinds of crude oil in Sudan. Taking one crude oil as an example, combined with the demand for petroleum products in the Sudanese market and the product status of Khartoum refineries at present, the process simulation technology is used. An optimal process is chosen to meet not only the requirement of maximization of diesel oil in the market, but also the requirement of product label and environmental protection to improve the quality standard of the product. On the basis of qualitative analysis, three crude oil processing routes, hydrocracking scheme, catalytic cracking scheme and delayed coking scheme, were selected for quantitative calculation and analysis. The economic and technical indexes such as the output of No. 95 gasoline accord with Euro-4 standard, and the conclusion is that the hydrocracking scheme is the best process route.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE624

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本文編號(hào)：2454659