【摘要】：目前,隨著深井、超深井鉆井數量不斷增多,深部地層鉆進速度慢的問題日益突出。提高深部井段的高硬度、高研磨性和非均質地層鉆進效率是目前油氣鉆井行業(yè)亟待解決的重要技術難題。因運動部件少且耐磨,PDC鉆頭用得較多,但目前PDC鉆頭鉆進深部難鉆地層出現打滑吃不進的現象,同時PDC齒磨損嚴重,鉆井效率仍然不能滿足要求。楊迎新等提出一種刮切-沖擊復合式鉆頭技術,能夠在有效提高破巖效率同時減緩切削齒的磨損速率,延長PDC切削齒的壽命,是解決深部難鉆地層鉆井效率低的有效手段之一。 但目前該技術尚未進行任何形成的室內試驗和現場試驗,究其原因主要是缺少與該工具相匹配的沖擊器。由于該技術對沖擊器的防空打功能和沖頭的限位功能有特殊要求,該工具不能直接配合現有油氣鉆井用沖擊器使用,需要針對該技術進行改進或進行沖擊器的個性化設計。此外,目前對刮切-沖擊復合破巖機理仍然認識不清,同時缺乏刮切-沖擊復合式鉆頭的設計理論與方法,因此復合破巖工具難以產品化。 為使刮切-沖擊復合式鉆頭技術能夠盡快產品化并推向實際油氣鉆井應用,解決目前深部難鉆地層鉆進效率低的問題,同時,在保證技術可行性的前提下,擴大該技術的應用范圍,使之能夠同時應用于泥漿鉆井和氣體鉆井,本文的研究內容如下： 1、研究氣動沖擊器設計理論與方法,為氣動沖擊器設計提供設計依據,以符合刮切-沖擊復合式鉆頭對氣動沖擊器性能參數的個性化要求； 2、研究刮切-沖擊復合破巖機理和刮切-沖擊復合式鉆頭設計理論,為復合式鉆頭產品化和應用提供技術支持； 3、解決現有刮切-沖擊復合式鉆頭結構功能設計存在的問題。
[Abstract]:At present, with the increase of the number of ultra-deep wells drilling in deep wells, the problem of low drilling speed in deep formations is becoming more and more prominent. It is an important technical problem to be solved in oil and gas drilling industry at present to improve the drilling efficiency of high hardness, high abrasiveness and heterogeneous formation of deep wells. Because of the few moving parts and wear-resisting, PDC bit is more used, but at present, the phenomenon that PDC bit is hard to drill in deep formation is not able to slip and eat, at the same time, the PDC tooth wear is serious, the drilling efficiency still can't meet the requirement. Yang Yingxin and others put forward a kind of scraping-impact composite bit technology, which can effectively improve rock breaking efficiency and slow down the wear rate of cutting teeth and prolong the life of PDC cutting teeth. It is one of the effective means to solve the low drilling efficiency in deep hard-to-drill formation. But at present, the technology has not carried out any laboratory test and field test, the main reason is the lack of impactor matching with the tool. Because of the special requirements for the air-defense function of the impactor and the position-limiting function of the puncher, the tool can not directly cooperate with the existing oil-gas drilling impactor, so it is necessary to improve the technology or carry on the individuation design of the impactor. In addition, the mechanism of scraping-impact composite rock-breaking is still unclear at present, and the design theory and method of scraping-impact composite bit are lacking, so it is difficult to produce composite rock-breaking tools. In order to make the scraper-impact composite bit technology be produced as soon as possible and applied to actual oil and gas drilling, the problem of low drilling efficiency in the deep hard-to-drill formation is solved. At the same time, on the premise of ensuring the technical feasibility, the drilling efficiency of deep hard-to-drill formation is solved. The research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The design theory and method of pneumatic impactor are studied to provide the design basis for pneumatic impactor design. In order to meet the individual requirements of the scraper-impact composite drill to the performance parameters of the pneumatic impactor; 2. The mechanism of scraping-impact composite rock-breaking and the design theory of scraper-impact composite bit are studied in order to provide technical support for the production and application of composite bit. 3, to solve the problems existing in the structural and functional design of the existing scraper-impact composite bit.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE921

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