發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-06 15:10

【摘要】：地質(zhì)學(xué)研究中,人們對(duì)礁有著廣泛的興趣。因?yàn)檫@種特殊的生成物有很大的實(shí)用價(jià)值,國(guó)內(nèi)外的地質(zhì)學(xué)家們針對(duì)生物礁做了大量的研究,涉及到生物礁的概念、成因、結(jié)構(gòu)、類型、相帶劃分等,取得了豐碩的成果。地球物理工作者也對(duì)生物礁的地震識(shí)別做了研究,總結(jié)了生物礁的地震響應(yīng)特征。同時(shí),生物礁的預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)也逐漸發(fā)展起來。地震反射結(jié)構(gòu)分析、地震屬性和三維可視化解釋構(gòu)成了生物礁定性預(yù)測(cè)和評(píng)價(jià)的主要技術(shù)系列。本文利用地質(zhì)、地震和井資料,并綜合前人研究結(jié)果,對(duì)阿姆河右岸A區(qū)塊進(jìn)行了生物礁的精細(xì)刻畫。生物礁具有典型的地球物理響應(yīng)特征。在地震時(shí)間剖面上,生物礁往往具有隆起的丘狀外形,頂、底面具有較強(qiáng)的反射界面,礁體的上覆地層有時(shí)會(huì)形成披覆,內(nèi)部雜亂或近似成層等特征。生物礁的地震反射結(jié)構(gòu)在外形、內(nèi)部、頂界面以及周緣都有其特殊性。在自然伽瑪、地層傾角、成像測(cè)井等曲線上常常出現(xiàn)異常變化,尋找這些典型特征是識(shí)別生物礁的主要手段。土庫曼斯坦天然氣儲(chǔ)量居世界第四位,阿姆河盆地為其主要產(chǎn)氣區(qū)。A區(qū)塊位于阿姆河盆地右岸。在了解了區(qū)域沉積地質(zhì)概況的情況下,對(duì)研究區(qū)原始資料進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地分析,總結(jié)了地震數(shù)據(jù)處理的難點(diǎn),制定了研究思路。通過參數(shù)試驗(yàn),確定了一套處理流程。經(jīng)過針對(duì)性的處理,得到了提高目的層信噪比的處理結(jié)果,該成果較為真實(shí)地反映了該區(qū)地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和地下構(gòu)造特征。在目的層精細(xì)層位標(biāo)定和對(duì)比的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出主要反射層的地震特征。通過多屬性綜合解釋,查清了區(qū)塊斷裂系統(tǒng)特征。區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)育兩組斷裂系統(tǒng),分別是北東走向和近東西走向。在卡洛夫-牛津階發(fā)現(xiàn)十個(gè)構(gòu)造圈閉,總面積共284.4km2。通過地震屬性分析技術(shù)和波阻抗反演等技術(shù),對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè),精細(xì)研究生物礁體的分布范圍。區(qū)域內(nèi)礁體主要成條帶狀北東向展布,有利儲(chǔ)集體總面積約107km2。通過疊后裂縫檢測(cè)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)受地區(qū)應(yīng)力作用的影響,本區(qū)裂縫非常發(fā)育,裂縫發(fā)育區(qū)主要集中在東部和南部地區(qū)。為了對(duì)本區(qū)裂縫分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的刻畫,建議進(jìn)行疊前裂縫檢測(cè),為后期的開發(fā)做準(zhǔn)備。綜合上述研究結(jié)果,對(duì)阿姆河盆地A區(qū)塊生物礁的有利含油氣區(qū)做了探索,對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)落實(shí)的圈閉進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),優(yōu)選出有利區(qū)塊,為下一步的勘探部署提出了建議。
[Abstract]:In the study of geology, people have a wide interest in the reef. Because of the great practical value of this special product, geologists at home and abroad have made a great deal of research on the reefs, which involved the concept, origin, structure, type and division of the reefs, and made great achievements. The geophysical workers also studied the seismic recognition of the reefs, and summarized the seismic response characteristics of the reefs. At the same time, the technology of the biological reef is gradually developed. The seismic reflection structure analysis, the seismic attribute and the three-dimensional visual interpretation constitute the main technical series of the qualitative prediction and evaluation of the biological reef. In this paper, the geological, seismic and well data are used, and the results of previous studies have been integrated, and a fine depiction of the biological reef is carried out on the A-block of the right bank of Amu Darya. The reefs have typical geophysical response characteristics. On the cross-section of the seismic time, the reef often has a ridge-like shape, the top and the bottom surface have a strong reflection interface, and the overlying strata of the reef body can sometimes form features such as cladding, internal disorder or approximate layering. The seismic reflection structure of the biological reef has its particularity in the form, interior, top interface and periphery. There are often abnormal changes in natural gamma, formation dip angle, imaging logging, and so on, and finding these typical features is the main means to identify the biological reef. The natural gas reserves of Turkmenistan are the fourth place in the world, and the Amu Darya basin is its main gas production area. A block is located on the right bank of the Amu Darya basin. In this paper, the original data of the research area is analyzed in detail, and the difficulty of the seismic data processing is summarized, and the research ideas are set up. A set of process flow is determined by the parameter test. The results of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the target layer are obtained through the targeted treatment. The results show that the geological structure and the underground structural characteristics of this area are more and more realistic. On the basis of the fine horizon calibration and contrast of the target layer, the seismic characteristics of the main reflection layer are summarized. Through the multi-attribute comprehensive interpretation, the characteristics of the block fault system are determined. In the region, two groups of fracture systems are developed, which are the north-east trend and the near-east trend, respectively. Ten structural traps are found at the Karov-Oxford level, with a total area of 284.4km2. Through the technique of seismic attribute analysis and wave impedance inversion, the study area is predicted by carbonate reservoir, and the distribution range of the biological reef body is studied. The reef body in the region is mainly distributed in the belt-like north-east, and the total area of the reservoir is about 107 km2. Through post-stack crack detection and analysis, the effect of stress on the area is found, and the fracture is very developed, and the fracture development area is mainly concentrated in the east and the south. In order to describe the distribution of the fracture in this area, it is suggested to carry out pre-stack crack detection and prepare for later development. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, an exploration is made to the favorable water-bearing area of the biological reef in the A-block of the Amu Darya basin, and the trap is evaluated, and the favorable block is preferred, and a suggestion is made for the next exploration and deployment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P631.4

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