【摘要】：驅(qū)油用化學(xué)劑(oil-displacing agent)是指以提高原油采收率為目的,能改善含油地層流體流動性,改變原油與油藏孔隙之間的界面特性,對原油具有一定乳化、分散等作用的所有化學(xué)劑的統(tǒng)稱。在石油行業(yè)中,被簡稱為驅(qū)替劑或驅(qū)油劑。表面活性劑驅(qū)是三次采油中提高采油效率的一種重要方法,其提高采收率的主要方式是通過在注入水中加入表面活性劑,改變油水的相關(guān)性能,從而提高采收率。驅(qū)油用表面活性劑大體可分為兩大類,一類為包含活性水、膠束溶液在內(nèi)的稀表面活性劑體系,另一類為包含微乳液體系在內(nèi)的濃表面活性劑體系。我國目前開發(fā)出的表面活性劑類驅(qū)替劑主要有石油磺酸鹽、石油羧酸鹽、烷基苯磺酸鹽、甜菜堿以及生物表面活性劑等。本文選取了咸陽煉廠生產(chǎn)的減二線、減三線等六種餾分油作為原料,利用化學(xué)改性的方法,探索其合成驅(qū)替劑的可行性。通過對幾種原料油物理性質(zhì)的對比考察,選擇了適合用該法合成石油磺酸鹽的兩種餾分油;同時通過大量的實驗,優(yōu)化了合成的操作工藝條件且最終選取其中的減三線餾分油為原料油。在對產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用性能研究中,采用石油磺酸鹽產(chǎn)品與其他活性劑復(fù)配進行對比分析,通過測定這些配方在長慶油田原油及地層水構(gòu)成的油水體系中界面張力的大小,篩選出最佳的配方,使體系的界面張力達到超低值(≤0.001m N·m-1);并模擬巖心進行了驅(qū)油實驗,實驗表明在相同驅(qū)替條件下,與單獨水驅(qū)相比,XPS驅(qū)可提高采收率近18.7%;XPSF-Ⅰ驅(qū)提高了約19.4%。表明作為驅(qū)替劑,XPS具有一定的實用性和較好驅(qū)油效果。
[Abstract]:The chemical agent for oil displacement (oil-displacing agent) is to improve oil recovery, improve the fluidity of oil-bearing formation, change the interfacial characteristics between crude oil and reservoir pores, and emulsify the crude oil to a certain extent. Any of various chemical agents used as dispersing agents. In the petroleum industry, it is referred to as displacement agent or oil displacement agent. Surfactant flooding is an important method to improve oil recovery efficiency in tertiary oil recovery. The main way to improve oil recovery efficiency is to change the correlation between oil and water by adding surfactant in injected water. The surfactants for oil displacement can be divided into two categories: one is a dilute surfactant system containing active water and micellar solution, the other is a concentrated surfactant system including microemulsion system. The main surfactants developed in China include petroleum sulfonate, petroleum carboxylate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, betaine and biosurfactant. In this paper, six kinds of distillate oil produced by Xianyang Refinery are selected as raw materials, and the feasibility of synthesizing displacement agent is explored by chemical modification method. By comparing the physical properties of several feedstock oils, two fractions suitable for the synthesis of petroleum sulfonates by this method have been selected. At the same time, through a large number of experiments, the operation conditions of the synthesis were optimized and the subtractive third line distillate was selected as the feed oil. In the study of the application performance of the products, the composite of petroleum sulfonate and other active agents was used to compare and analyze the interfacial tension of these formulations in the oil-water system composed of crude oil and formation water in Changqing Oilfield. The optimum formula was selected to make the interfacial tension of the system reach an ultra-low value (鈮，

本文編號：2396055