發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-30 12:51

【摘要】：為了減小原油在管道流動時(shí)產(chǎn)生的摩擦阻力,增加原油的輸出量,減阻劑被廣泛應(yīng)用于原油運(yùn)輸過程。減阻劑在實(shí)際使用中,存在著一些問題,有待解決。目前,減阻劑在管道內(nèi)湍流狀態(tài)下流動時(shí)會發(fā)生機(jī)械降解,從而逐漸降低甚至失去減阻效率這一問題還需要人們進(jìn)一步的探索。減阻劑在工業(yè)應(yīng)用中,為了能夠達(dá)到減阻劑的最佳減阻增輸效果,每次通過高剪切區(qū)域后就需要再對輸油管道進(jìn)行加劑。為了中途能夠加入減阻劑,需要設(shè)置加劑站點(diǎn)。這樣不僅大大增加了減阻劑的用量,還要消耗更多的人力物力,影響了其經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性。本文針對已經(jīng)合成的減阻劑進(jìn)行分析優(yōu)化。提出緩釋型減阻劑的研究,使減阻劑具有緩釋效果,可以提高減阻劑抗剪切性從而延長減阻劑使用時(shí)間,減少減阻劑注入裝置站點(diǎn),能夠有效的節(jié)約成本。首先根據(jù)溶度參數(shù)、相容性、不溶油性及熔點(diǎn)的分析,以及高分子材料的無毒性、環(huán)保及經(jīng)濟(jì)性考慮,選擇合適的緩釋劑。本文主要采用的緩釋劑是聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)。試驗(yàn)采用熔融共混法制備不同的緩釋型減阻劑,制備的過程中,還探究加工溫度對減阻率的影響。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)減阻劑被加熱溫度高于130℃時(shí),減阻率明顯受到影響,高于160℃時(shí)減阻率下降至幾乎為零。因此在熔融加熱制備緩釋型減阻劑時(shí),溫度最高不能超過130℃。其次,采用重量法以及減阻率測定反算法計(jì)算緩釋率,并評價(jià)緩釋效果。同時(shí),制備減阻劑與緩釋劑不同比例的緩釋型減阻劑,計(jì)算緩釋效率,找出比例與緩釋率的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce the friction resistance of crude oil in pipeline flow and increase the output of crude oil, drag reducer is widely used in crude oil transportation process. There are some problems in the application of drag reducing agent, which need to be solved. At present, the drag reducer will degrade mechanically when it flows in the turbulent state in the pipeline, which will gradually reduce or even lose the drag reduction efficiency, which still needs to be further explored. In the industrial application of drag reducing agent, in order to achieve the best drag reduction and transportation effect of drag reducing agent, it is necessary to add agent to oil pipeline after passing through the high shear region every time. In order to be able to add drag reducing agent midway, need to set up a dosing station. This not only greatly increased the amount of drag reducing agent, but also consumed more manpower and material resources, which affected its economic feasibility. In this paper, the synthetic drag reducing agent is analyzed and optimized. The research of slow release drag reducing agent is put forward to make drag reducing agent have slow release effect, which can improve the shear resistance of drag reducing agent, prolong the use time of drag reducing agent, reduce the injection site of drag reducing agent, and save the cost effectively. Firstly, according to the analysis of solubility parameter, compatibility, insoluble oil property and melting point, as well as the nontoxic, environmental protection and economic considerations of polymer materials, suitable slow-release agents were selected. The main sustained-release agent used in this paper is polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Different slow-release drag reducers were prepared by melt blending method. During the preparation, the effect of processing temperature on drag reduction rate was also explored. It is found that the drag reduction rate is obviously affected when the heating temperature of drag reducer is higher than 130 鈩，

本文編號：2395603