【摘要】：隨著石油及石油化工產(chǎn)品在各大工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用,世界對(duì)石油的依賴程度與日俱增,地上立式金屬常壓儲(chǔ)罐以便于管理、低成本以及低投入等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已成為石油儲(chǔ)備基地上主要的儲(chǔ)油容器,并且正向著集成化和大容量化發(fā)展。由于儲(chǔ)罐材料本身及外界環(huán)境的影響,儲(chǔ)罐坑點(diǎn)和裂紋等缺陷不可避免地出現(xiàn),大大降低了儲(chǔ)罐的安全性,增加了存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)泄漏事故的發(fā)生率,進(jìn)而造成環(huán)境污染和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。儲(chǔ)罐底板缺陷位置隱蔽,且事故發(fā)生率隨儲(chǔ)罐服役年數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)而增大,因此需要對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐底板的缺陷情況進(jìn)行定期檢測(cè)。常規(guī)的檢測(cè)方法需要停止儲(chǔ)罐作業(yè),排出罐內(nèi)產(chǎn)品并清理罐內(nèi)剩余的淤積物,最后采用漏磁檢測(cè)或超聲波檢測(cè)等方法進(jìn)行罐底缺陷檢測(cè),浪費(fèi)人力、物力和財(cái)力。聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)方法無(wú)需停產(chǎn),采取“被動(dòng)聽(tīng)聲”的方式,采集罐底缺陷聲發(fā)射信號(hào),確定缺陷的位置和缺陷發(fā)出聲發(fā)射信號(hào)的時(shí)間,評(píng)定缺陷的嚴(yán)重性。經(jīng)查閱文獻(xiàn),目前罐底缺陷聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)已取得一定成績(jī),但是仍無(wú)法對(duì)罐底缺陷進(jìn)行定性判斷和定量分析。本文圍繞該問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,具體研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下。一、建立了室內(nèi)立式金屬常壓儲(chǔ)罐模型,并在罐底板上分別構(gòu)造了典型尺寸的圓柱形坑點(diǎn)缺陷以及裂紋缺陷。二、對(duì)聲發(fā)射儀進(jìn)行了二次開(kāi)發(fā),配置了波形采集卡和波形分析軟件包,開(kāi)發(fā)了多重濾波功能,優(yōu)化了濾波參數(shù),提高了濾波去噪的效果。三、編制實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃書(shū),按實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃書(shū)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),采集罐底坑點(diǎn)和裂紋缺陷的聲發(fā)射信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)。四、聯(lián)合通過(guò)多重濾波和歸一化分析方法,得到了聲發(fā)射特征參數(shù)與坑點(diǎn)、裂紋缺陷發(fā)展程度的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,建立了相應(yīng)的缺陷定量數(shù)學(xué)模型和缺陷聲發(fā)射特征參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)坑點(diǎn)和裂紋缺陷的定量分析。五、聯(lián)合通過(guò)頻譜分析和小波分析處理方法,得到了聲發(fā)射頻譜特征與坑點(diǎn)、裂紋缺陷的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系規(guī)律,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)典型缺陷的定性分析。六、采用坑點(diǎn)和裂紋缺陷定量數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)常壓儲(chǔ)罐底板聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)采集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算,將計(jì)算結(jié)果與開(kāi)罐檢測(cè)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到坑點(diǎn)缺陷定量數(shù)學(xué)模型的準(zhǔn)確率可達(dá)到76%,裂紋缺陷定量數(shù)學(xué)模型的準(zhǔn)確率可達(dá)到75%。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of petroleum and petrochemical products in various industrial fields, the world relies more and more on petroleum. The above ground vertical metal storage tanks have the advantages of easy management, low cost and low input. It has become the main oil storage container in petroleum reserve base, and is developing towards integration and large capacity. Because of the influence of the storage material itself and the external environment, the defects such as pits and cracks inevitably appear, which greatly reduce the safety of storage tanks, increase the occurrence of leakage accidents of storage media, and then cause environmental pollution and economic losses. The defect location of tank bottom plate is hidden, and the accident rate increases with the increase of tank service years, so it is necessary to check the defect situation of tank bottom plate regularly. The conventional detection methods need to stop the tank operation, discharge the products from the tank and clean up the remaining silt in the tank. Finally, the method of magnetic flux leakage or ultrasonic detection is used to detect the defects of the tank bottom, wasting manpower, material resources and financial resources. The method of acoustic emission detection does not need to stop production. The method of "passive listening sound" is adopted to collect the acoustic emission signals from the bottom of the tank, to determine the position of the defects and the time when the defects send out the acoustic emission signals, and to evaluate the severity of the defects. After consulting the literature, some achievements have been made in acoustic emission detection of tank bottom defects, but it is still impossible to make qualitative judgment and quantitative analysis of tank bottom defects. Around this problem, this paper carries on the indoor experiment research, the concrete research content and the result are as follows. The main results are as follows: 1. The model of indoor vertical metal storage tank under atmospheric pressure is established, and the typical cylindrical pothole defect and crack defect are constructed on the bottom plate of the tank. Secondly, the acoustic emission instrument is redeveloped, the waveform acquisition card and waveform analysis software package are configured, the function of multiple filtering is developed, the filtering parameters are optimized, and the effect of filtering and de-noising is improved. Thirdly, the experiment plan is compiled, according to the experiment plan, the acoustic emission signal data of the bottom pit point and crack defect of the tank are collected. Fourthly, by combining the methods of multiple filtering and normalized analysis, the corresponding relationship between the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission and the development degree of pits and crack defects is obtained, and the corresponding quantitative mathematical model of defects and the database of characteristic parameters of acoustic emission of defects are established. Thus the quantitative analysis of crater point and crack defect is realized. Fifthly, through the combination of spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis, the corresponding relationship between acoustic emission spectrum characteristics and pits and crack defects is obtained, and the qualitative analysis of typical defects is realized. Sixthly, the quantitative mathematical model of pit point and crack defect is used to analyze and calculate the data collected from the acoustic emission detection of the bottom plate of the atmospheric storage tank. The calculated results are compared with the results of the open tank detection. The accuracy of quantitative mathematical model of pit spot defect can reach 76%, and that of crack defect model can reach 75%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE972

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