【摘要】：巖溶儲層是塔中順南地區(qū)中-下奧陶統(tǒng)重要的儲層類型之一,具有極好的勘探開發(fā)前景。通過巖心觀察、薄片鑒定,結合陰極發(fā)光分析、碳、氧、鍶同位素分析、稀土元素分析和流體包裹體測試等地球化學手段,探討順南地區(qū)中-下奧陶統(tǒng)巖溶儲層基本特征、成因機制和發(fā)育分布規(guī)律。結果表明:(1)塔中順南地區(qū)中-下奧陶統(tǒng)巖溶儲層主要發(fā)育在微晶灰?guī)r中,顆�；�?guī)r、白云巖和藻粘結灰?guī)r中發(fā)育較少;儲集空間類型以溶蝕孔洞和巖溶洞穴為主,其次是未充填裂縫空間;巖溶儲層總厚度較大,儲層類型主要有巖溶縫孔洞型和巖溶洞穴型兩類,其中巖溶縫孔洞型儲層占絕大多數(92.4%),巖溶洞穴型儲層占比較少(7.6%);分布層位上,巖溶儲層在一間房組最為發(fā)育,其次是鷹山組下段,在鷹山組上段發(fā)育最少。(2)首次在塔中順南地區(qū)中-下奧陶統(tǒng)碳酸鹽巖中識別出兩期大氣水巖溶作用,分別是加里東中期第Ⅰ幕大氣水巖溶作用和海西早期大氣水巖溶作用。加里東中期第Ⅰ幕大氣水巖溶作用縫洞方解石中富含單相水溶液包裹體,δ13C值為正,δ18O值較高,成巖流體落于中晚奧陶世這一時期海水δ18O值的下方,鍶同位素和稀土元素分析結果與奧陶系一間房組正常海相灰?guī)r值相近,略貧稀土元素;海西早期大氣水巖溶作用構造-風化裂縫方解石δ13C值為負,δ18O值特偏負,較一間房組正常海相灰?guī)r鍶同位素分析結果值偏高,稀土元素富集。(3)加里東中期第Ⅰ幕巖溶作用受不整合面控制,臺地邊緣低部位巖溶縫洞充填破壞嚴重,儲集意義有限;臺地內部高部位巖溶縫洞可以有效保存,具有一定的儲集意義。加里東構造運動中期第Ⅰ幕巖溶儲層具有縱向上發(fā)育深度較為穩(wěn)定,靠近臺地內部方向更為發(fā)育的趨勢。(4)海西早期巖溶作用主要受斷裂控制,巖溶縫洞經歷多期充填后,還有大量的剩余空間,是研究區(qū)內中-下奧陶統(tǒng)巖溶儲層形成的主要機制,具有重要意義。順南地區(qū)東南部主要遵循沿斷裂滲透巖溶模式,巖溶儲層平面上主要沿斷裂分布,斷裂拉分段更為發(fā)育,縱向上距不整合面深度大,發(fā)育層位具有跳躍性;順南地區(qū)西北部主要遵循斷裂誘導模式和沿斷裂滲透巖溶模式,巖溶儲層發(fā)育分布特征較為復雜,平面上可不沿斷裂分布,縱向上,可在深部順層發(fā)育分布,也可跳躍分布。
[Abstract]:Karst reservoir is one of the important reservoir types in middle and lower Ordovician in Shunnan area of Tazhong. By means of core observation, thin section identification, cathodoluminescence analysis, carbon, oxygen, strontium isotope analysis, rare earth element analysis and fluid inclusion testing, the basic characteristics of middle and lower Ordovician karst reservoirs in Shunnan area are discussed. Genetic mechanism and developmental distribution. The results are as follows: (1) the karst reservoirs of the Middle and Lower Ordovician in the Shunnan area of Tazhong are mainly developed in microcrystalline limestone, while the granular limestone, dolomite and algal bonded limestone are less developed; The main types of reservoir space are corrosion cavity and karst cave, followed by unfilled crack space. The total thickness of karst reservoir is large, the reservoir types are mainly karst fracture porosity type and karst cave type, among which karst fracture hole type reservoir accounts for most (92.4%), and karst cave type reservoir accounts for less (7.6%). The karst reservoir is the most developed in Yijianfang formation, followed by the Yingshan formation and the least developed in the upper member of Yingshan formation. (2) the two stages of atmospheric water karstification have been identified for the first time in the middle and lower Ordovician carbonate rocks in the middle and lower Ordovician area of Tazhong. They are the karstification of atmospheric water in the middle Caledonian stage I and the early Hercynian atmospheric water karstification. In the first act of Caledonian, the calcite is rich in single-phase aqueous solution inclusions, the 未 ~ (13) C value is positive, the 未 ~ (18) O value is higher, and the diagenetic fluid falls below the 未 ~ (18) O value of seawater during the middle and late Ordovician period. The results of strontium isotope and rare earth element analysis are similar to those of the normal marine limestone of the Yijianfang formation of Ordovician, and are slightly poor in rare earth elements. In early Hercynian atmospheric water karstification, the 未 13C value of structure-weathering fracture calcite is negative, and the 未 18O value is especially negative, which is higher than that of normal marine limestone isotopic analysis of Yijianfang formation. REE enrichment. (3) Karst in the middle Caledonian first act is controlled by unconformities, and the filling of karst fractures and cavities in the lower part of the platform edge is seriously damaged, and the reservoir significance is limited; The karst fractures and cavities in the high part of the platform can be effectively preserved and have certain reservoir significance. In the middle period of Caledonian tectonic movement, the karst reservoir in the first episode of Caledonian tectonic movement has a tendency of relatively stable longitudinal development depth and more development near the interior of the platform. (4) the early Hercynian karstification is mainly controlled by faults, and the karst fractures and cavities are filled for several periods. There is also a large amount of residual space, which is the main mechanism of the formation of karst reservoirs in the Middle and Lower Ordovician in the study area, which is of great significance. The southeastern part of Shunnan area mainly follows the model of permeable karst along the fault, the karst reservoir mainly distributes along the fault plane, the faulting segment is more developed, the depth of the vertical unconformity surface is large, and the developmental horizon is jumping. The northwestern Shunan area mainly follows the fault-induced model and the percolation karst model along the fault. The characteristics of karst reservoir development and distribution are complicated, and the distribution of karst reservoir can not be distributed along the fault plane, but vertically, it can be distributed in the deep layer or jump distribution.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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