【摘要】：乳化油廢水排放量大、性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定,難以去除,危害程度高。這是由于乳化劑分子在油-水界面上定向吸附并形成堅(jiān)固的界面膜,同時(shí)增大了擴(kuò)散雙電層的有效厚度,并且使雙電層的電位分布寬度和陡度增大,從而使油高度均勻而穩(wěn)定的分散在水中,不易去除。因此要實(shí)現(xiàn)乳化油的分離去除,技術(shù)關(guān)鍵是破乳,即消除或減弱乳化劑的作用,破壞油-水界面上的吸附膜,減少分散粒子所帶的同種電荷量,以實(shí)現(xiàn)乳化油和水的有效分離。實(shí)驗(yàn)以40mg/L乳化油水樣為處理對(duì)象,分別采用硫酸鋁、氯化鐵、聚合氯化鋁和聚丙烯酰胺四種常用絮凝劑進(jìn)行破乳實(shí)驗(yàn),探討了絮凝劑破乳的可行性和乳化油去除效果的影響因素。在合適的絮凝破乳劑投加量的條件下,四種絮凝劑均具有一定的破乳能力,乳化油的去除率均受pH影響,且無機(jī)絮凝劑破乳效果受pH影響顯著,即pH是絮凝劑破乳的重要影響因素。根據(jù)前期實(shí)驗(yàn)提出酸化曝氣破乳處理方法,首先在pH為3-4條件下對(duì)乳化油水樣進(jìn)行曝氣處理,然后投加適量的絮凝劑進(jìn)行破乳反應(yīng),再經(jīng)沉淀和投加浮選劑聚合硫酸鐵進(jìn)行浮選,可取得較好的乳化油去除效果：硫酸鋁投加量0.6 mg/L,乳化油去除率為84.2%；氯化鐵投加量0.6mg/L,乳化油去除率為88.9%；聚合氯化鋁投加量0.5mg/L,乳化油去除率為92.5%；聚丙烯酰胺投加量0.6mg/L,乳化油去除率為95.5%。這是由于pH為3-4時(shí),表面活性劑可以與酸作用生成不溶于水的脂肪酸或脂肪醇,從而破壞了乳化油系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,實(shí)現(xiàn)破乳。酸化曝氣破乳工藝設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單,處理效果比較穩(wěn)定,尤其適用于酸性含乳化油廢水,有效提高了乳化油的去除率,為含乳化油廢水的破乳處理提出了新的思路。
[Abstract]:Emulsified oil wastewater discharge is large, stable, difficult to remove, high degree of harm. This is because the emulsifier molecules adsorb on the oil-water interface and form a solid interfacial film, which increases the effective thickness of the diffusion double layer and increases the potential distribution width and steepness of the double electric layer. So that the oil highly uniform and stable dispersion in water, not easy to remove. Therefore, to realize the separation and removal of emulsified oil, the key technology is to demulsify, that is, to eliminate or weaken the effect of emulsifier, to destroy the adsorption membrane on the oil-water interface, to reduce the amount of the same charge carried by dispersed particles, and to realize the effective separation of emulsified oil and water. The demulsification experiments were carried out with four common flocculants, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide, respectively. The feasibility of flocculant demulsification and the influencing factors of emulsified oil removal were discussed. Under the condition of proper dosage of flocculant demulsifier, all four flocculants have certain demulsification ability, the removal rate of emulsified oil is affected by pH, and the demulsifying effect of inorganic flocculant is influenced by pH. That is, pH is an important factor affecting the demulsification of flocculant. According to the previous experiments, the acidified aeration demulsification treatment method was put forward. Firstly, the emulsified oil and water samples were aerated under the condition of pH of 3-4, and then the demulsification reaction was carried out by adding appropriate amount of flocculant. After precipitation and floatation of polyferric sulfate, a better removal effect of emulsified oil can be obtained: the removal rate of emulsified oil by adding 0.6 mg/L, aluminum sulfate is 84.2; The removal rate of emulsified oil is 88.9, the dosage of polyaluminium chloride is 0.5 mg / L, the removal rate of emulsified oil is 92.5, the dosage of polyacrylamide is 0.6 mg / L, the removal rate of emulsified oil is 95.5g / L. This is because when pH is 3-4, surfactant can react with acid to form water-insoluble fatty acids or fatty alcohols, thus destroying the stability of emulsified oil system and realizing demulsification. The acidified aeration demulsification process has the advantages of simple equipment, stable treatment effect, especially suitable for acid emulsified oil wastewater, which effectively improves the removal rate of emulsified oil, and puts forward a new idea for the demulsification treatment of emulsified oil wastewater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X74

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