煤巖氣藏壓裂液損害評(píng)價(jià)及加入納米粒子改性
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-17 05:43
【摘要】：煤層氣作為一種優(yōu)質(zhì)清潔能源,其資源量巨大,經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的開(kāi)發(fā)利用具有改善煤礦安全、彌補(bǔ)常規(guī)能源的不足和保護(hù)環(huán)境等三方面的意義。煤層氣主要以吸附態(tài)賦存于煤層中,且煤層氣的產(chǎn)出經(jīng)歷解吸—擴(kuò)散—滲流三個(gè)過(guò)程。由于致密煤巖的特殊性質(zhì),使其壓裂技術(shù)有其自身特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵在于控制煤粉的產(chǎn)出和壓裂液對(duì)于煤巖的損害。同時(shí),煤巖氣藏是一個(gè)氣—液—固三相共存的系統(tǒng),壓裂液與煤巖相互作用,不僅引起煤巖滲透率降低,而且導(dǎo)致其表面性質(zhì)改變從而影響煤巖吸附/解吸及擴(kuò)散能力。 論文以寧武盆地南部太原組9號(hào)煤層為研究對(duì)象,基于對(duì)該區(qū)煤巖礦物組分、物性特征、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征及表面特性的分析,研究了壓裂液作用對(duì)煤巖滲透率、吸附/解吸及擴(kuò)散的影響,綜合分析壓裂液對(duì)煤巖的損害程度及其損害機(jī)理,并采用納米技術(shù)優(yōu)化煤巖氣藏壓裂液。 描述了9號(hào)煤巖礦物組成及孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)采用X射線衍射、掃描電鏡(SEM)、 CT掃描、氮?dú)馕降葘?shí)驗(yàn)手段對(duì)煤巖礦物組成及孔徑分布、裂隙空間分布進(jìn)行綜合表征。研究表明,該區(qū)煤巖中無(wú)機(jī)礦物以石英為主,黏土礦物主要為高嶺石；煤巖基質(zhì)孔隙以納米級(jí)孔隙為主,孔徑分布峰值出現(xiàn)在4nm處；煤巖孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,微裂隙較為發(fā)育,但空間連通性較差。 明確了壓裂液作用前后煤巖的表面性質(zhì)。煤巖紅外光譜觀察表明,壓裂液浸泡改變煤巖分子間和分子內(nèi)的作用力類(lèi)型和大小,對(duì)煤巖-OH、—COOH基團(tuán)影響較大,促使其在游離態(tài)與締合態(tài)之間轉(zhuǎn)化。煤巖與模擬地層水及壓裂液之間的潤(rùn)濕接觸角實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,不同壓裂液與煤巖之間的潤(rùn)濕接觸角均較模擬地層水與煤巖之間的接觸角小,壓裂液對(duì)煤巖的潤(rùn)濕性好,易于吸附在煤巖表面。 綜合評(píng)價(jià)了壓裂液對(duì)煤巖吸附/解吸—擴(kuò)散—滲流能力的損害。開(kāi)展了不同壓裂液作用前后煤巖的滲透率、吸附/解吸及擴(kuò)散能力的變化實(shí)驗(yàn),研究表明,壓裂液對(duì)煤巖滲透率的損害最顯著；在壓裂液作用煤巖的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)中,由于氣—液—固三相之間存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)吸附,故壓裂液作用使煤巖的吸附量下降；而在解吸—擴(kuò)散實(shí)驗(yàn)中,由于壓裂液引起的煤巖基質(zhì)膨脹、孔喉堵塞等一系列問(wèn)題,使解吸—擴(kuò)散能力出現(xiàn)不同程度的降低。其中,各項(xiàng)損害中損害程度最弱的均為清潔壓裂液。 提出納米粒子改性壓裂液控制煤粉產(chǎn)出的新思路。利用SEM表征了實(shí)驗(yàn)采用納米粒子粒徑大致在10～100nm范圍內(nèi)；開(kāi)展了加入納米粒子前后清潔壓裂液的性能評(píng)價(jià)及對(duì)煤粉的控制能力實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,加入納米粒子后壓裂液的黏彈性、攜砂性、濾失性等均有所改善,且加入Si02納米粒子壓裂液的效果顯著；納米粒子通過(guò)吸附作用能夠有效的控制煤粉產(chǎn)出,使產(chǎn)出煤粉減少達(dá)50%以上。 對(duì)煤巖氣藏壓裂液損害進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)能夠更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)壓裂施工效果,同時(shí)采用納米粒子控制煤粉產(chǎn)出,可改善壓裂施工效果,促進(jìn)煤層氣高效開(kāi)發(fā)。
[Abstract]:As a kind of high-quality clean energy, the coal-bed gas has great resource, effective and effective utilization of coal-bed gas, and has the significance of improving the coal mine safety, making up for the shortage of the conventional energy and protecting the environment. The coal-bed gas is mainly adsorbed on the coal bed, and the output of the coal-bed gas is subjected to the three processes of desorption, diffusion and seepage. Because of the special properties of the compact coal rock, the fracturing technology has its own characteristics, the key point is to control the output of the pulverized coal and the damage of the fracturing fluid to the coal rock. At the same time, the coal-rock gas reservoir is a system of three-phase and three-phase co-existence of a gas-bearing liquid, and the interaction between the fracturing fluid and the coal-rock not only causes the permeability of the coal rock to be reduced, but also causes the surface property of the fracturing fluid to change so as to influence the adsorption/ desorption and diffusion capacity of the coal rock. Based on the analysis of the mineral composition, physical property, pore structure and surface characteristics of the coal rock in the southern part of the Ningwu basin, the paper studies the effect of fracturing fluid on the permeability, adsorption/ desorption and diffusion of the coal rock. In response, the damage degree and the damage mechanism of the fracturing fluid to the coal rock are comprehensively analyzed, and the nano technology is adopted to optimize the fracturing of the coal rock gas reservoir. The mineral composition and pore of No. 9 coal rock are described. The composition of the coal and the distribution of pore size and the distribution of the fracture space were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), CT scanning, and nitrogen adsorption. The study shows that the inorganic minerals in the coal rock are mainly quartz, and the clay minerals are mainly kaolinite; the pore of the coal-rock matrix is dominated by the nano-scale pores, and the peak of the pore size distribution is at 4nm; the pore structure of the coal-rock is complex, the micro-cracks are more developed, but the space communication Poor performance. It is clear that the coal and rock before and after the fracturing fluid The observation of the infrared spectrum of the coal rock shows that the type and size of the acting force between the coal-rock molecules and the molecules of the fracturing fluid are changed, and the effect of the coal-rock-OH and HCOOH groups is large, so that it is in free state and association. The contact angle between the coal and the simulated formation water and the fracturing fluid shows that the contact angle between the different fracturing fluid and the coal rock is small, the contact angle between the formation water and the coal rock is small, the wettability of the fracturing fluid to the coal rock is good, On the surface of the coal rock, the diffusion of the fracturing fluid on the adsorption/ desorption of the coal rock is comprehensively evaluated. The effect of fracturing fluid on the permeability, adsorption/ desorption and diffusion capacity of the coal rock before and after different fracturing fluid has been carried out. The study shows that the damage of the fracturing fluid to the permeability of the coal rock is the most significant; in the adsorption experiment of the coal rock with the fracturing fluid, the gas-gas-liquid is solid three-phase. In the experiment of desorption and diffusion, a series of problems such as the expansion of the matrix of the coal rock caused by the fracturing fluid, the blockage of the pore and the throat, etc. To a lesser extent, where the degree of damage in each of the lesions is the weakest. It is a clean fracturing fluid. It is proposed that the nano-particle modified fracturing fluid control The new idea of the production of pulverized coal is characterized by SEM. The particle size of the nano-particles is about 10-100 nm. The performance of the clean fracturing fluid before and after the addition of the nano-particles and the control ability of the pulverized coal are carried out. The results show that after the nano-particles are added, the fracturing fluid is fractured. The viscoelasticity, the sand-carrying property and the filter loss of the liquid are improved, and the effect of adding the Si02 nano-particle fracturing fluid is remarkable; and the nano-particles can effectively control the pulverized coal output by the adsorption action, so that the produced coal The reduction of the powder by over 50%. The comprehensive evaluation of the damage of the coal-rock gas reservoir fracturing fluid can more accurately predict the fracturing construction effect, and meanwhile, the nano-particles can be used for controlling the pulverized coal output, so that the fracturing construction effect can be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE357.12
本文編號(hào)：2383749
[Abstract]:As a kind of high-quality clean energy, the coal-bed gas has great resource, effective and effective utilization of coal-bed gas, and has the significance of improving the coal mine safety, making up for the shortage of the conventional energy and protecting the environment. The coal-bed gas is mainly adsorbed on the coal bed, and the output of the coal-bed gas is subjected to the three processes of desorption, diffusion and seepage. Because of the special properties of the compact coal rock, the fracturing technology has its own characteristics, the key point is to control the output of the pulverized coal and the damage of the fracturing fluid to the coal rock. At the same time, the coal-rock gas reservoir is a system of three-phase and three-phase co-existence of a gas-bearing liquid, and the interaction between the fracturing fluid and the coal-rock not only causes the permeability of the coal rock to be reduced, but also causes the surface property of the fracturing fluid to change so as to influence the adsorption/ desorption and diffusion capacity of the coal rock. Based on the analysis of the mineral composition, physical property, pore structure and surface characteristics of the coal rock in the southern part of the Ningwu basin, the paper studies the effect of fracturing fluid on the permeability, adsorption/ desorption and diffusion of the coal rock. In response, the damage degree and the damage mechanism of the fracturing fluid to the coal rock are comprehensively analyzed, and the nano technology is adopted to optimize the fracturing of the coal rock gas reservoir. The mineral composition and pore of No. 9 coal rock are described. The composition of the coal and the distribution of pore size and the distribution of the fracture space were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), CT scanning, and nitrogen adsorption. The study shows that the inorganic minerals in the coal rock are mainly quartz, and the clay minerals are mainly kaolinite; the pore of the coal-rock matrix is dominated by the nano-scale pores, and the peak of the pore size distribution is at 4nm; the pore structure of the coal-rock is complex, the micro-cracks are more developed, but the space communication Poor performance. It is clear that the coal and rock before and after the fracturing fluid The observation of the infrared spectrum of the coal rock shows that the type and size of the acting force between the coal-rock molecules and the molecules of the fracturing fluid are changed, and the effect of the coal-rock-OH and HCOOH groups is large, so that it is in free state and association. The contact angle between the coal and the simulated formation water and the fracturing fluid shows that the contact angle between the different fracturing fluid and the coal rock is small, the contact angle between the formation water and the coal rock is small, the wettability of the fracturing fluid to the coal rock is good, On the surface of the coal rock, the diffusion of the fracturing fluid on the adsorption/ desorption of the coal rock is comprehensively evaluated. The effect of fracturing fluid on the permeability, adsorption/ desorption and diffusion capacity of the coal rock before and after different fracturing fluid has been carried out. The study shows that the damage of the fracturing fluid to the permeability of the coal rock is the most significant; in the adsorption experiment of the coal rock with the fracturing fluid, the gas-gas-liquid is solid three-phase. In the experiment of desorption and diffusion, a series of problems such as the expansion of the matrix of the coal rock caused by the fracturing fluid, the blockage of the pore and the throat, etc. To a lesser extent, where the degree of damage in each of the lesions is the weakest. It is a clean fracturing fluid. It is proposed that the nano-particle modified fracturing fluid control The new idea of the production of pulverized coal is characterized by SEM. The particle size of the nano-particles is about 10-100 nm. The performance of the clean fracturing fluid before and after the addition of the nano-particles and the control ability of the pulverized coal are carried out. The results show that after the nano-particles are added, the fracturing fluid is fractured. The viscoelasticity, the sand-carrying property and the filter loss of the liquid are improved, and the effect of adding the Si02 nano-particle fracturing fluid is remarkable; and the nano-particles can effectively control the pulverized coal output by the adsorption action, so that the produced coal The reduction of the powder by over 50%. The comprehensive evaluation of the damage of the coal-rock gas reservoir fracturing fluid can more accurately predict the fracturing construction effect, and meanwhile, the nano-particles can be used for controlling the pulverized coal output, so that the fracturing construction effect can be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE357.12
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