【摘要】：在底水油藏的開發(fā)中,進(jìn)行常規(guī)水力壓裂時(shí)有可能壓穿底水層,引起水竄,因此,需要對(duì)壓裂裂縫高度進(jìn)行控制。在水力壓裂縫高控制的多種方法中,人工隔層控縫高技術(shù)效果較好,且應(yīng)用廣泛。鑒于目前對(duì)人工隔層控縫高壓裂技術(shù)的研究局大多限于基本原理的定性分析和數(shù)值模擬,所以有必要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的理論分析,并需要通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)控縫高所用下沉劑和攜帶液進(jìn)行性能評(píng)價(jià)和優(yōu)選。首先,對(duì)人工隔層控縫高的機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,論述了下沉劑在裂縫內(nèi)的沉降規(guī)律,通過軟件模擬分析了下沉劑濃度、攜帶液粘度對(duì)下沉劑沉降速度的影響,并給出了對(duì)下沉劑的性能要求。其次,對(duì)下沉劑攜帶液的性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),通過室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量攜帶液的粘溫性、破膠性、表面張力、殘?jiān)亢土?結(jié)果表明,濃度為0.4%的胍膠攜帶液性能良好,可以滿足控縫高壓裂的要求。通過測(cè)量幾種不同下沉劑的沉降速度、封堵性能和導(dǎo)流能力,最終優(yōu)選出TC-1石英砂作為控縫高壓裂的下沉劑,其沉降速度為0.97mm/s,濾失系數(shù)為7.42×10-4m/min1/2,有利于對(duì)壓裂裂縫高度的控制。最后,針對(duì)延長(zhǎng)油田吳起采油廠延9、延10儲(chǔ)層存在底水的問題,對(duì)控縫高壓裂的參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。通過軟件模擬得出,射孔位置選擇在儲(chǔ)層上部時(shí)可以確保裂縫在產(chǎn)層內(nèi)延伸。通過理論計(jì)算并結(jié)合施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出,注入排量為0.5~0.8m3/min時(shí)可以控制裂縫高度。通過理論計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M得到,下沉劑濃度為10%~15%時(shí)可以形成有效的人工隔層,對(duì)儲(chǔ)層壓裂工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,認(rèn)為射孔位置應(yīng)位于產(chǎn)層頂部或中上部,其中孔密為16孔/m,小排量為0.5~0.8m3/min,小砂量1~5m3,小砂比為15~25%,前置液占比為20~30%;對(duì)以上優(yōu)化后的施工工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用,表明措施效果顯著。
[Abstract]:In the development of bottom water reservoir, it is possible to press through the bottom water layer and cause water channeling during conventional hydraulic fracturing, so it is necessary to control the fracture height of fracturing. In many methods of controlling the height of hydraulic pressure fracture, the technology of controlling the height of fracture by artificial spacer is effective and widely used. In view of the fact that most of the current research bureaus on artificial layer controlled fracture technology are limited to qualitative analysis and numerical simulation of basic principles, it is necessary to carry out systematic theoretical analysis. It is also necessary to evaluate and optimize the performance of sinker and carrier fluid used for controlling seam height through experiments. Firstly, the mechanism of artificial spacer controlling fracture height is analyzed, and the settlement law of subsidence agent in crack is discussed. The influence of sinker concentration and viscosity of carrying liquid on subsidence velocity of sinker is analyzed by software simulation. The performance requirements of the sinking agent are also given. Secondly, the performance of the sinking-agent carrier was evaluated. The viscosity, temperature breaking, surface tension, residue content and particle size of the solution were measured through laboratory experiments. The results showed that the guanidine gel carrier solution with 0.4% concentration had good performance. It can meet the requirements of high pressure crack control. By measuring the settling velocity, plugging performance and flow conductivity of several kinds of subsidence agents, TC-1 quartz sand was selected as the sinking agent for controlling crack at high pressure. The settling velocity was 0.97 mm / s, and the filtration coefficient was 7.42 脳 10 ~ (-4) m / min ~ (-1 / 2), and the coefficient of filtration was 7.42 脳 10 ~ (-4) m / min ~ (-1 / 2). It is helpful to control fracture height. Finally, aiming at the problem of bottom water in Yanchang Wuqi Oil production Plant, the parameters of controlling fracture under high pressure are optimized. The software simulation shows that the perforation location can ensure the fracture extending in the production layer when the perforation location is selected in the upper part of the reservoir. Through theoretical calculation and construction experience, it is concluded that the crack height can be controlled when the injection displacement is 0.5~0.8m3/min. Through theoretical calculation and experimental simulation, it is found that effective artificial barrier can be formed when the concentration of sinking agent is 10 ~ 15, and the parameters of reservoir fracturing are optimized. It is considered that the perforation location should be located at the top or middle or upper part of the production layer. Among them, the pore density is 16 holes / m, the small displacement is 0.5 ~ 0.8m ~ (3 / min), the small sand quantity is 1 ~ (5) m ~ (3), the small sand ratio is 15 ~ 25 / m, and the proportion of preposition liquid is 20 ~ 30%. The field application of the above optimized construction technology parameters shows that the effect of the measures is remarkable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.1

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