【摘要】：隨著計算機硬件和軟件的高速發(fā)展,計算機的相關(guān)技術(shù)廣泛的應(yīng)用在了各行各業(yè),這些技術(shù)和相關(guān)行業(yè)的有效結(jié)合,可以大大降低工作量和提高工作效率,作為國家命脈的石油行業(yè)必須充分利用計算機的相關(guān)技術(shù)。石油儲存在巖心中微小的孔隙里,大部分的油和水混合在一起,不易開采,通常采用注水法可以使油聚集在一起,提高石油采收率。如何能使油、水分離,統(tǒng)計油和水的分布狀況,分析油和水的關(guān)系及運動變化規(guī)律,對于提高開采效率至關(guān)重要。因此,巖心中油水數(shù)目統(tǒng)計和油水形狀統(tǒng)計在石油勘探作業(yè)中起著相當重要的作用,進而成為石油行業(yè)的一個研究熱點。本論文從油和水的數(shù)目和體積及形狀兩種統(tǒng)計角度,分別提出了各自的算法。一是巖心中油和水的數(shù)目和體積的統(tǒng)計。油團或者水團,可以看成是一個連通域。將單獨的一個連通域予以一個標記,稱之為連通域標記,標記的個數(shù)就是連通域的數(shù)目,即為油團或水團的數(shù)目。實驗采用區(qū)域增長法進行標記,即從一個種子像素點出發(fā)進行跟蹤,直到處理完所有的像素點為止。通過和傳統(tǒng)的區(qū)域統(tǒng)計算法進行比較,區(qū)域增長法的統(tǒng)計效果優(yōu)于區(qū)域統(tǒng)計法。二是巖心中油和水的形狀的統(tǒng)計。本論文采用三維形狀匹配算法來完成實驗,形狀匹配算法的基石是確定形狀表示,特征描述子的選取是確定形狀表示的基礎(chǔ)。好的特征描述子,其形狀匹配精度比較高,因此特征描述子是本文研究非常重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)。本文預先定義油團和水團的幾種三維形狀:圓柱體、球體、長方體、薄膜體等等,如果有某些和上述三維形狀無法進行匹配的特殊的形體,另行特殊定義。本論文中選取梯度方向直方圖作為實驗的特征描述子,然后計算這些形狀的梯度方向直方圖,通過求取三維數(shù)據(jù)中每個像素的梯度方向,計算各個油團和水團的梯度方向直方圖,通過進行比較,從而可以統(tǒng)計油團和水團的形狀數(shù)目。通過實驗得知,基于梯度方向直方圖的形狀匹配算法在精確度和速度方面優(yōu)于其它匹配算法,但是在匹配的精確度方面還有很大的改進空間。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer hardware and software, computer related technology has been widely used in various industries. The effective combination of these technologies and related industries can greatly reduce the workload and improve work efficiency. As the lifeblood of the country, the oil industry must make full use of computer technology. Oil is stored in tiny pores in the core, and most of the oil and water are mixed together, so it is difficult to exploit. Usually, water injection method can make oil gather together and improve oil recovery. How to separate oil and water, to calculate the distribution of oil and water, to analyze the relationship between oil and water and to analyze the law of motion change are very important to improve the recovery efficiency. Therefore, the statistics of the number of oil and water and the shape of oil and water in the core play an important role in oil exploration and become a research hotspot in petroleum industry. In this paper, the number, volume and shape of oil and water are analyzed. The first is the number and volume of oil and water in the core. A mass of oil or water can be regarded as a connected domain. A single connected domain is given a label, which is called a connected domain label. The number of labels is the number of connected domains, that is, the number of oil or water masses. The method of region growth is used to mark, that is to start from a seed pixel point and track it until all the pixels are processed. Compared with the traditional regional statistical algorithm, the statistical effect of the regional growth method is better than that of the regional statistics method. The second is the statistics of the shape of oil and water in the core. In this paper, 3D shape matching algorithm is used to complete the experiment. The cornerstone of shape matching algorithm is to determine shape representation, and the selection of feature descriptor is the basis of shape representation. The shape matching accuracy of a good feature descriptor is high, so the feature descriptor is a very important part of the research in this paper. In this paper, several kinds of three-dimensional shapes of oil and water masses are predefined: cylinders, spheres, cuboids, film bodies and so on. If there are some special shapes which cannot be matched with the above three dimensional shapes, another special definition is given. In this paper, gradient direction histogram is selected as the feature descriptor of the experiment, then the gradient direction histogram of these shapes is calculated, and the gradient direction of each pixel in the 3D data is obtained. The gradient histogram of each oil mass and water mass is calculated, and the shape number of oil mass and water mass can be calculated by comparison. The experimental results show that the shape matching algorithm based on gradient direction histogram is superior to other matching algorithms in accuracy and speed, but there is still much room for improvement in the accuracy of matching.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE31;TP391.41

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