【摘要】：深層油氣資源目前是我國(guó)油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)的重要領(lǐng)域。深層油氣儲(chǔ)層、尤其是深層海相油氣儲(chǔ)層,地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜、縫洞發(fā)育、壓力高產(chǎn)量高,具有窄安全窗口的特點(diǎn)。鉆進(jìn)中井筒與地層間容易發(fā)生物質(zhì)交換,導(dǎo)致溢流、漏失以及溢漏同存頻發(fā),從而引發(fā)井筒內(nèi)的復(fù)雜多相流動(dòng)。為了精確控制井筒壓力,需要掌握各種工況條件下井筒多相流動(dòng)規(guī)律和各相流動(dòng)參數(shù)之間的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特征。鉆井中地層流體侵入井筒而導(dǎo)致的多相流動(dòng)的過(guò)程是瞬態(tài)流動(dòng),數(shù)值仿真模擬是研究井筒多相流瞬態(tài)流動(dòng)規(guī)律及響應(yīng)特征的重要手段。為了精確數(shù)值仿真模擬氣體流量實(shí)時(shí)變化的復(fù)雜流動(dòng)情況,要求數(shù)值計(jì)算方法具有高精度、高穩(wěn)定性、高分辨率,能夠精確捕捉流域內(nèi)的各種間斷。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)的井筒多相流瞬態(tài)流動(dòng)模型和計(jì)算軟件有一定研究,主要針固定氣體流量的氣侵及其壓井過(guò)程。采用的數(shù)值計(jì)算方法較為落后,缺少嚴(yán)格的數(shù)值算例驗(yàn)證,并且缺少對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果中井筒內(nèi)各處流體質(zhì)量流量守恒精度的討論,而該性質(zhì)是影響計(jì)算精度的關(guān)鍵因素之一。本文針對(duì)精確數(shù)值計(jì)算井筒多相流瞬態(tài)流動(dòng)問(wèn)題開(kāi)展研究,主要研究如下：(1)考慮井筒溫度,基于氣液兩相流漂移模型和Shi漂移參數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)模型,結(jié)合相關(guān)輔助模型,建立儲(chǔ)層-井筒多相流瞬態(tài)流動(dòng)耦合模型,用于數(shù)值仿真模擬分析井筒內(nèi)的流動(dòng)規(guī)律和各流動(dòng)參數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)象性特征。(2) AUSM (Advection Upstream Splitting Method)類格式不需要(近似)Riemann求解器或計(jì)算Jacobian矩陣,具有形式簡(jiǎn)單,計(jì)算量小的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。結(jié)合經(jīng)典保單調(diào)的MUSCL (Monotone Upstream-Centred Schemes for Conservation Laws)方法和van Leer斜率限制器獲得具有二階空間精度的AUSMV格式,并采用Runge-Kutta方法離散得到二階時(shí)間精度,應(yīng)用于求解氣液兩相流漂移模型。(3)利用經(jīng)典數(shù)值算例驗(yàn)證所編寫的程序,計(jì)算結(jié)果與參考值吻合良好表明了本文構(gòu)建的改進(jìn)AUSMV格式耗散效應(yīng)和色散效應(yīng)小,沒(méi)有明顯的數(shù)值振蕩,間斷沒(méi)有被拉寬或抹平。二階精度格式比一階精度格式具有更好的間斷捕捉能力。研究表明該二階AUSMV格式計(jì)算氣液兩相流動(dòng)具有計(jì)算量小、精度高、分辨率高、計(jì)算穩(wěn)定的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(4)利用大型實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架模擬了連續(xù)氣侵過(guò)程,觀察了該過(guò)程井筒內(nèi)的流動(dòng)特征,并測(cè)量了井筒內(nèi)的壓力演變過(guò)程。進(jìn)而,利用室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了所編程序的計(jì)算精度,結(jié)果分析表明兩種情況下程序壓力計(jì)算誤差分別在±10%和±5%之內(nèi),滿足工程需求。(5)采用已驗(yàn)證的程序數(shù)值仿真模擬研究了定氣量連續(xù)氣侵、變氣量連續(xù)氣侵、單股氣侵、間歇?dú)馇?以及控壓鉆進(jìn)薄儲(chǔ)層和厚儲(chǔ)層等典型工況,分析了井筒內(nèi)各流動(dòng)參數(shù)間的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特征,揭示了復(fù)雜井筒多相流動(dòng)的規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Deep oil and gas resources are an important field of oil and gas exploration and development in China. Deep oil and gas reservoirs, especially deep marine oil and gas reservoirs, are characterized by complicated geological conditions, developed fractures and cavities, high pressure and high production, and have the characteristics of narrow safe window. Material exchange between wellbore and formation is easy to occur in drilling, which leads to overflow, leakage and leakage co-occurrence frequently, thus causing complex multiphase flow in wellbore. In order to accurately control wellbore pressure, it is necessary to master the characteristics of multi-phase flow and the dynamic response between the parameters of the multi-phase flow in the wellbore under various working conditions. The process of multiphase flow caused by formation fluid intruding into wellbore in drilling is transient flow. Numerical simulation is an important means to study the transient flow law and response characteristics of wellbore multiphase flow. In order to simulate the complex flow of gas flow in real time, it is required that the numerical method has high accuracy, high stability and high resolution, and can accurately capture all kinds of discontinuities in the basin. At present, there are some researches on the transient flow model and calculation software of multi-phase flow in wellbore, mainly on the gas invasion of fixed gas flow rate and its well killing process. The numerical calculation method adopted is backward, lacks strict numerical example verification, and lacks the discussion of the conservation accuracy of fluid mass flow throughout the wellbore in the calculation results. This property is one of the key factors affecting the calculation accuracy. In this paper, the problem of accurate numerical calculation of transient flow in wellbore multiphase flow is studied. The main research is as follows: (1) considering wellbore temperature, based on gas-liquid two-phase flow drift model and Shi drift parameter prediction model, combined with relevant auxiliary model, The coupled model of reservoir and wellbore multiphase flow transient flow is established. It is used for numerical simulation and analysis of flow law and dynamic imaging characteristics of flow parameters in wellbore. (2) AUSM (Advection Upstream Splitting Method) scheme does not need (approximate) Riemann solver or calculate Jacobian matrix, so it has simple form. The advantage of less computation. Combined with the classical monotone preserving MUSCL (Monotone Upstream-Centred Schemes for Conservation Laws) method and the van Leer slope limiter, the AUSMV scheme with second-order spatial accuracy is obtained, and the second-order time accuracy is obtained by using the Runge-Kutta method. It is applied to solve the drift model of gas-liquid two-phase flow. (3) A classical numerical example is used to verify the program. The calculated results are in good agreement with the reference values. It is shown that the improved AUSMV scheme constructed in this paper has less dissipative effect and less dispersion effect. There is no obvious numerical oscillation and the discontinuity is not widened or leveled. The second order precision scheme has better discontinuous capture ability than the first order precision scheme. It is shown that the two-order AUSMV scheme has the advantages of low computational complexity, high precision, high resolution and stable calculation. (4) the continuous gas invasion process is simulated by using a large scale experimental bench. The flow characteristics in the wellbore are observed and the pressure evolution in the wellbore is measured. Furthermore, the calculation accuracy of the program is verified by indoor and field experimental data. The results show that the calculation error of program pressure is within 鹵10% and 鹵5%, respectively. (5) using the verified numerical simulation to study the typical conditions such as constant gas flow continuous gas invasion, variable gas flow continuous gas invasion, single flow gas invasion, intermittent gas invasion, and controlled pressure drilling into thin and thick reservoirs, etc. The dynamic response characteristics of various flow parameters in the wellbore are analyzed, and the law of multiphase flow in complex wellbore is revealed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE21;TE52

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本文編號(hào)：2377155