【摘要】：油氣管線路徑規(guī)劃問(wèn)題是油氣集輸管網(wǎng)優(yōu)化研究中一個(gè)重要的子問(wèn)題。由于目前的油氣集輸系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化研究中,多關(guān)注于管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如各管段管徑、壁厚、保溫層厚度、各站場(chǎng)的處理量與位置等變量的整體優(yōu)化及其實(shí)現(xiàn)算法,對(duì)井站之間管線的具體路徑規(guī)劃的研究較少。由于實(shí)際鋪設(shè)環(huán)境中起伏地形影響著管道的鋪設(shè),農(nóng)田、村莊等也會(huì)影響管線的路徑選擇,這些因素不但影響著管網(wǎng)的初期建設(shè)成本,而且對(duì)管網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行參數(shù)如壓力、溫度等有不可忽視的影響。本文根據(jù)油氣集輸管線的建設(shè)及運(yùn)行情況,以壽命期末總費(fèi)用為目標(biāo)函數(shù),建立了油氣集輸管線三維路徑規(guī)劃問(wèn)題模型。其中,目標(biāo)函數(shù)的建立基于油氣集輸管線的建設(shè)及運(yùn)行成本;約束條件來(lái)源于運(yùn)行參數(shù)約束和施工條件約束,其中運(yùn)行參數(shù)主要考慮油氣集輸系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行要求,施工條件約束主要考慮了地形的限制。提出了采用空間信息挖掘技術(shù)在DEM中提取地形信息,并結(jié)合自定義的障礙區(qū)域進(jìn)行環(huán)境建模的方法,根據(jù)DEM高程數(shù)據(jù),求解柵格匯水面積矩陣、地形濕度指數(shù)矩陣、水流強(qiáng)度指數(shù)矩陣等參數(shù),以預(yù)測(cè)季節(jié)性溝壑的產(chǎn)生位置,輔助油氣管線路徑規(guī)劃。并根據(jù)路徑規(guī)劃問(wèn)題的研究現(xiàn)狀,選擇A*算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了模型的求解。本文對(duì)A*算法的節(jié)點(diǎn)拓展進(jìn)行了探討,確認(rèn)了A*算法在本問(wèn)題中時(shí)間頻度與探索半徑和計(jì)算誤差與探索半徑的函數(shù)關(guān)系,在權(quán)衡計(jì)算的精度和效率后選擇了48節(jié)點(diǎn)拓展。并依據(jù)成本模型對(duì)A*算法的各函數(shù)項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了模型的求解。最后利用VS2008編制了油氣集輸管線三維路徑規(guī)劃軟件,并以某油田所在區(qū)域?yàn)楸尘斑M(jìn)行了管線路徑規(guī)劃。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)后的A*算法對(duì)本文建立的油氣集輸管線三維路徑規(guī)劃模型的求解結(jié)果可以較為明顯的降低管線的總成本,并極大的減小因地形起伏帶來(lái)的附加壓力降,是對(duì)油氣集輸管網(wǎng)優(yōu)化研究的重要補(bǔ)充,并對(duì)實(shí)際管線的鋪設(shè)具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The path planning of oil and gas pipelines is an important sub-problem in the optimization of oil and gas gathering and transportation networks. At present, in the research of oil and gas gathering and transportation system optimization, more attention is paid to the overall optimization and realization algorithm of pipe network design parameters such as pipe diameter, wall thickness, insulation layer thickness, processing capacity and location of each station, etc. There is little research on the specific path planning of pipeline between well stations. In the actual laying environment, the rolling terrain affects the pipeline laying, the farmland, the village and so on will also influence the pipeline path choice, these factors not only affect the initial construction cost of the pipe network, but also affect the operation parameters of the pipe network such as pressure. Temperature and so on have the influence which cannot be ignored. According to the construction and operation of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline, a three-dimensional path planning model of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline is established in this paper, taking the total cost of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline as the objective function at the end of its life. Among them, the establishment of objective function is based on the construction and operation cost of oil and gas gathering pipeline. The constraints come from the constraints of operation parameters and construction conditions, in which the operational parameters mainly consider the requirements of safe operation of oil and gas gathering and transportation systems, and the constraints of construction conditions mainly consider the constraints of topography. This paper presents a method of extracting terrain information from DEM by spatial information mining technology, and combining with the self-defined obstacle area to model the environment. According to the elevation data of DEM, the raster water catchment area matrix and terrain humidity index matrix are solved. The flow intensity index matrix is used to predict the location of seasonal gullies and to assist the pipeline path planning. According to the current situation of the path planning problem, the A * algorithm is selected to solve the model. In this paper, the node expansion of the A * algorithm is discussed, and the functional relationship between the time frequency and the exploration radius and the calculation error and the exploration radius is confirmed. After weighing the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation, 48 nodes are selected to expand. According to the cost model, the function items of the A * algorithm are designed, and the solution of the model is realized. Finally, the 3D path planning software of oil and gas gathering pipeline is compiled by using VS2008, and the pipeline path planning is carried out based on the region of an oil field. The calculation results show that the improved A * algorithm can obviously reduce the total cost of the pipeline and reduce the additional pressure drop caused by the topographic fluctuation of the 3D path planning model of the oil and gas gathering pipeline established in this paper. It is an important supplement to the optimization research of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline network, and has certain guiding significance to the actual pipeline laying.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE863

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