【摘要】：雙子表面活性劑是由兩個親水基團和兩個疏水基在其親水頭基或靠近親水頭基處由聯(lián)接基團通過化學鍵連接而成的新型表面活性劑,由于其獨特的結構,使其相對于傳統(tǒng)表面活性劑具有更為突出的優(yōu)點,在很多方面有很好的應用前景。許多雙子表面活性劑因為具有獨特的流變性,在低濃度下形成高粘度的三維網狀結構,具有良好的懸砂性能,具備形成粘彈性表面活性劑壓裂液的特征。本論文主要從以下幾個方面對可用作壓裂液的雙子表面活性劑體系進行了性質研究:采用表面張力、電導率和熒光光譜等方法考察了C12-4-C12(G12)和C16-4-C16(G16)水溶液的表面活性及膠束化性質。結果表明,G12和G16均具有較高的降低表面張力的效率和能力。分別探討了溫度、鹽和醇對G12體系表面活性的影響,溫度的改變對其表面活性影響不明顯,鹽的加入(NaCl、NH4Cl)可顯著降低其CMC值(表面活性增強),隨著醇(乙醇、正丙醇和正丁醇)的碳原子數增多,對G12的表面活性影響逐步顯著。采用流變儀探討了G16的水溶液的流變行為,G16在濃度較低時便具有較高的粘度,隨著質量分數的增加其粘彈性增強。粘溫曲線結果顯示,當溫度高于78℃時G16體系的粘度消失,表明體系的聚集體結構發(fā)生變化,轉變?yōu)榍驙钅z束。動態(tài)剪切結果表明在整個角頻率測定范圍內,G16體系的儲能模量大于損耗模量,不符合麥克斯韋方程規(guī)律,為水凝膠的典型特征。測定變階梯剪切速率掃描圖,G16的粘度可以完全恢復,說明其具有良好的抗剪切性能。探討了無機鹽、有機鹽、聚合物、反離子和表面活性劑對G16水溶液粘度體系的影響,優(yōu)選出了最佳的兩種鹽體系,水楊酸鈉和氯化鈉,并獲得了鹽、溫度等對其流變性能影響的規(guī)律。采用單因素法研究鹽的添加量確定了8種較優(yōu)配方,通過進一步篩選確定了最佳配方。通過抗高溫、抗剪切性能、破膠實驗、吸附實驗、降濾失性實驗、防膨性能試驗和對后續(xù)原油脫水的影響,進行一系列性能評價,均取得較好的結果,證明該壓裂液配方可以在中低滲油氣井使用。
[Abstract]:Gemini surfactants are new surfactants formed by chemical bonding of two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups at or near the hydrophilic head group, due to their unique structure. It has more outstanding advantages than traditional surfactants, and has a good application prospect in many aspects. Many Gemini surfactants have the characteristics of forming viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid due to their unique rheological properties and high viscosity three-dimensional network structure at low concentration. In this paper, the properties of Gemini surfactant system which can be used as fracturing fluid are studied from the following aspects: surface tension, The surface activity and micellization properties of C12-4-C12 (G12) and C16-4-C16 (G16) aqueous solutions were investigated by conductivity and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that both G12 and G16 have high efficiency and ability to reduce surface tension. The effects of temperature, salt and alcohol on the surface activity of G12 system were discussed. The change of temperature had no obvious effect on the surface activity of G12 system. The addition of salt (NaCl,NH4Cl) significantly decreased the CMC value (enhanced surface activity) of G12 system. The number of carbon atoms of n-propanol and n-butanol) increased, and the surface activity of G12 was significantly affected by n-propanol and n-butanol. The rheological behavior of aqueous solution of G16 was studied by rheometer. The viscosity of G16 was higher when the concentration was lower, and the viscoelasticity of G16 increased with the increase of mass fraction. The visco-temperature curves show that the viscosity of G16 system disappears when the temperature is higher than 78 鈩，

本文編號：2359558