【摘要】：煉化裝置的長(zhǎng)周期運(yùn)行將給企業(yè)帶來(lái)明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。國(guó)內(nèi)煉化企業(yè)與國(guó)外煉化企業(yè)相比,存在明顯的產(chǎn)能差異以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。究其原因,主要是我國(guó)的煉化裝置長(zhǎng)周期運(yùn)行效果不理想。延遲焦化裝置是煉化企業(yè)的最末端裝置,主要作用是重油深加工。延遲焦化裝置的核心設(shè)備是焦炭塔。由于焦炭塔長(zhǎng)期處于高溫低溫循環(huán)、高壓低壓循環(huán)以及腐蝕的工作環(huán)境,在操作過(guò)程中,由于壓力波動(dòng)、溫度變化、頻繁間歇操作及開停工等都會(huì)造成該設(shè)備的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度下降、疲勞破壞。一旦焦炭塔發(fā)生破壞,不僅造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,而且往往造成人員傷亡等嚴(yán)重后果。因此,焦炭塔的安全與否直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)延遲焦化裝置的正常運(yùn)行及人員安全。本文通過(guò)對(duì)焦炭塔的失效形式進(jìn)行分析,即從焦炭塔筒體蠕變變形和裙座開裂兩個(gè)方面入手,對(duì)各種條件下產(chǎn)生的復(fù)雜應(yīng)力狀態(tài)進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)蠕變和疲勞評(píng)定的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,確定了焦炭塔筒體變形和裙座開裂的主要原因,即主要與操作工藝過(guò)程復(fù)雜、溫度變化大,塔體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和選材使塔體的高溫強(qiáng)度不滿足工藝生產(chǎn)的劇變等有關(guān);并從設(shè)計(jì)、制造、檢驗(yàn)、使用等環(huán)節(jié)提出相應(yīng)的防范措施,防止和減少事故的隱患,即重視焦炭塔的塔體材質(zhì)的選擇、塔體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)焦炭塔的加工制造及其過(guò)程質(zhì)量控制。最后,針對(duì)焦炭塔工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的實(shí)際工況條件,提出了針對(duì)焦炭塔日常的生產(chǎn)維護(hù)保養(yǎng)措施,即需要把握好工藝操作,確保每個(gè)步驟有充足的時(shí)間,提高預(yù)熱溫度,不隨意壓縮生產(chǎn)周期等。
[Abstract]:The long-period operation of the refining plant will bring obvious economic benefits to the enterprise. Compared with foreign refining and chemical enterprises, there are obvious differences in production capacity and economic benefits in domestic refining and chemical enterprises. The main reason is that the long-period operation effect of refinery plant in China is not ideal. Delayed coking unit is the most terminal unit in refinery, and its main function is heavy oil deep processing. The core equipment of the delayed coking unit is the coke tower. Because the coke tower is in the working environment of high temperature and low temperature cycle, high pressure and low pressure cycle and corrosion for a long time, during operation, the mechanical strength of the equipment will decrease due to pressure fluctuation, temperature change, frequent intermittent operation and shutdown etc. Fatigue damage. Once the coke tower is destroyed, it will not only cause huge economic losses, but also cause casualties and other serious consequences. Therefore, the safety of coke tower is directly related to the normal operation of the whole delayed coking plant and personnel safety. In this paper, the failure mode of coke tower is analyzed, that is, from the aspects of creep deformation of coke tower cylinder and pedestal cracking, the complex stress states under various conditions are analyzed, and the experimental results of creep and fatigue assessment are given. The main causes of deformation and pedestal cracking of coke tower cylinder are determined, which are mainly related to complex operation process, large temperature change, tower structure design and material selection, which make the high temperature strength of tower body not meet the drastic change of process production. And from the design, manufacture, inspection, use and other links to put forward the corresponding preventive measures to prevent and reduce the hidden dangers of accidents, that is, attach importance to the selection of tower material, tower structure design, processing and manufacture of coke tower and process quality control. Finally, according to the actual working conditions of coke tower industrial production, the paper puts forward the daily production maintenance measures for coke tower, that is, it is necessary to grasp the process operation, to ensure that each step has sufficient time to raise the preheating temperature. Not arbitrarily compressed production cycle, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE962

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 俞立波;焦炭塔裙座局部更新[J];石油化工設(shè)備技術(shù);2004年04期

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本文編號(hào)：2358268