【摘要】：我國(guó)低孔滲油氣資源儲(chǔ)量巨大,是今后一個(gè)時(shí)期重點(diǎn)開采的資源類型。低孔滲油氣田滲透壓力低,流動(dòng)阻力大,壓裂反排困難,提高采注率難,開發(fā)成本高,因此如何有效改造低孔滲油氣田,提高開發(fā)效益至關(guān)重要。低孔滲油氣田開采時(shí)常需要水力壓裂,但由于低孔滲儲(chǔ)層物性較差,孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,地質(zhì)非均勻性強(qiáng),容易造成壓裂效果差,甚至壓裂施工失敗。高精度現(xiàn)今地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的模擬結(jié)果在油氣井開發(fā)方案優(yōu)化和壓裂施工設(shè)計(jì)等方面應(yīng)用廣泛。本文首先綜述現(xiàn)今地應(yīng)力和水力壓裂數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,指出數(shù)值模擬取得的成果與存在的缺點(diǎn),提出本課題的基本研究方法。簡(jiǎn)述了巖石斷裂力學(xué)、損傷力學(xué)及考慮損傷的滲流與應(yīng)力耦合的有限元的基本概念、理論。根據(jù)室內(nèi)巖芯三軸實(shí)驗(yàn)、測(cè)井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)等資料建立研究區(qū)的巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)三維地質(zhì)模型,采用VB.NET開發(fā)了《測(cè)井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)分析及應(yīng)用》軟件,計(jì)算了研究區(qū)三維巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)并進(jìn)行空間展布。根據(jù)Petrel地質(zhì)模型,結(jié)合逆向工程軟件ImageWare,建立高精度的三維有限元模型,并采用快速邊界條件搜索技術(shù)建立載荷與位移邊界條件,計(jì)算了三維現(xiàn)今地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)。結(jié)合工區(qū)的地質(zhì)地貌特征,分析了應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的分布規(guī)律。在分析常見的壓裂縫幾何模型的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)飽和多孔介質(zhì)的平衡方程與流體連續(xù)方程,引入裂紋起裂與擴(kuò)展準(zhǔn)則,建立了水力壓裂單裂縫動(dòng)態(tài)擴(kuò)展數(shù)學(xué)模型。以地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和壓裂施工資料為依據(jù),采用ABAQUS建立水力壓裂的軸對(duì)稱單縫擴(kuò)展有限元模型,模擬了壓裂縫三維動(dòng)態(tài)擴(kuò)展過程。分析了水力壓裂過程中壓裂縫附近的水平最大主應(yīng)力、水平最小主應(yīng)力、孔隙壓力、濾失速率等參數(shù)的分布規(guī)律。在上述模型研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用單一變量法,研究了應(yīng)力場(chǎng)、孔隙比、滲透系數(shù)和注射排量對(duì)壓裂縫縫寬和縫長(zhǎng)的影響。
[Abstract]:China has huge reserves of low porosity and permeability oil and gas resources, which is the key resource type in a future period. The low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields have low permeability pressure, large flow resistance, difficulty in fracturing reverse discharge, difficulty in improving the production rate and high development cost. Therefore, how to effectively reconstruct the low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields and improve the development benefit is very important. Hydraulic fracturing is often required for exploitation of low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields, but because of poor physical properties of low porosity and permeability reservoirs, complex pore structure and strong geological heterogeneity, it is easy to cause poor fracturing effect and even failure of fracturing operation. The simulation results of high precision stress field are widely used in oil and gas well development optimization and fracturing design. In this paper, the present research status of in-situ stress and hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation technology at home and abroad is first summarized, the achievements and shortcomings of numerical simulation are pointed out, and the basic research methods of this subject are put forward. The basic concepts and theories of rock fracture mechanics, damage mechanics and finite element method considering seepage and stress coupling of damage are briefly introduced. According to the data of laboratory core triaxial experiment and logging data, the 3D geological model of rock mechanics parameters in the study area is established. The software of log data analysis and application is developed with VB.NET. The three-dimensional rock mechanics parameters in the study area were calculated and the spatial distribution was carried out. According to the Petrel geological model and the reverse engineering software ImageWare, a high precision 3D finite element model is established. The load and displacement boundary conditions are established by using the fast boundary condition search technique, and the 3D present earth stress field is calculated. Combined with the geological and geomorphological characteristics of the work area, the distribution of the stress field is analyzed. Based on the analysis of common geometric models of fracturing, according to the equilibrium equation and fluid continuity equation of saturated porous media, the crack initiation and propagation criterion is introduced, and the mathematical model of hydraulic fracturing single fracture dynamic propagation is established. Based on the in-situ stress field and fracturing operation data, a finite element model of axisymmetric single fracture propagation for hydraulic fracturing is established by using ABAQUS, and the three-dimensional dynamic propagation process of fracturing is simulated. The distribution law of the maximum horizontal principal stress, horizontal minimum principal stress, pore pressure and filtration rate in hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. On the basis of the above model the effects of stress field porosity ratio permeability coefficient and injection displacement on fracture width and length are studied by single variable method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE37

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