【摘要】：油砂屬非金屬礦產(chǎn),同石油、煤炭一樣是一種礦藏資源,是提煉石油類產(chǎn)品和修建柏油路面優(yōu)良材料。在當前能源危機的時代背景下,儲量豐富的油砂被認為是一種非常有潛力的石油替代能源,其加工技術的開發(fā)和改進受到了國內外研究學者的廣泛關注�，F(xiàn)階段已經(jīng)工業(yè)化應用的熱堿水洗技術存在耗水量大、尾礦難處理、環(huán)境危害性大等問題,而傳統(tǒng)的有機溶劑萃取法中,溶劑的損耗和殘留等問題也亟待解決�；谏鲜鍪聦�,本文通過溶劑和助劑的比較篩選,發(fā)現(xiàn)陽離子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)水溶液輔助石腦油萃取油砂瀝青是一個合理的選擇。隨后,通過工藝條件優(yōu)化發(fā)現(xiàn),在室溫條件下,存放時間小于4小時的0.05%的CPAM水溶液,當石腦油:CPAM溶液:油砂為3:2:1時,可以將瀝青回收率由72.29%提升至78.29%。通過對瀝青的紅外光譜和殘砂的掃描電鏡結果分析發(fā)現(xiàn),甲苯體系中,陽離子聚丙烯酰胺的加入可以實現(xiàn)油砂的清潔分離,石腦油體系中,清潔分離的主要原因是石腦油無法萃取的瀝青質將細小的砂粒和黏土聚集成團或粘附在更大的砂粒表面�？紤]到助劑是引發(fā)萃取效果差異的主要原因,本文進行了不同助劑體系下的瀝青剝離實驗。實驗結果表明,瀝青在純水和典型的鹽溶液體系(1mM KCl)中具有較快的剝離速率,在1mM IL中反而較慢。結合他人完成的原子力顯微鏡實驗和和頻光譜實驗,本文嘗試構建了一個助劑分子,特別是離子液體分子和陽離子聚丙烯酰胺分子,在瀝青和石英表面的結構模型,并對助劑輔助油砂瀝青分離的效果進行了解釋和說明。最后,通過原子力顯微鏡的力學實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)在陽離子聚丙烯酰胺水溶液中,瀝青和砂粒之間的相互作用力在4 nN左右,小于其在純水和典型的鹽溶液體系中的相互作用力,從力學的角度解釋了陽離子聚丙烯酰胺可以提升回收率并減少細沙夾帶的原因,并驗證了結構模型的正確性。
[Abstract]:Oil sand is a kind of nonmetallic mineral, like oil and coal, it is a kind of mineral resource, it is a kind of fine material for refining petroleum products and building asphalt pavement. Under the background of the current energy crisis, oil sand with abundant reserves is considered as a very potential alternative energy source. The development and improvement of its processing technology has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad. At present, the hot alkali washing technology which has been applied in industry has many problems, such as high water consumption, refractory tailings and great environmental hazards. However, in the traditional organic solvent extraction, the loss and residue of solvents are urgently needed to be solved. Based on the above facts, it is found that cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) aqueous solution is a reasonable choice for naphtha extraction of bitumen. After that, it was found that at room temperature, 0.05% of CPAM solution was stored for less than 4 hours. When naphtha: CPAM solution: oil sand was 3:2:1, The recovery rate of asphalt can be increased from 72.29% to 78.29%. The infrared spectra of asphalt and SEM analysis of residual sand show that the addition of cationic polyacrylamide in toluene system can realize clean separation of oil sand and naphtha system. The main reason for clean separation is that asphaltene, which can not be extracted from naphtha, aggregates fine sand and clay into clusters or adheres to larger sand surfaces. Considering that the additive is the main reason for the difference of extraction efficiency, the asphalt peeling experiments were carried out under different additives. The experimental results show that bitumen has a faster peeling rate in pure water and typical salt solution (1mM KCl), but slower in 1mM IL. Based on the atomic force microscope (AFM) and sum-frequency spectrum experiments, a structural model of a promoter molecule, especially ionic liquid molecule and cationic polyacrylamide molecule, on the surface of bitumen and quartz was constructed. The effect of auxiliary aid on oil sand asphalt separation is explained and explained. Finally, the mechanical experiments of atomic force microscope show that the interaction force between asphalt and sand is about 4 nN in aqueous solution of cationic polyacrylamide, which is smaller than that in pure water and typical salt solution. The reason why cationic polyacrylamide can increase the recovery rate and reduce the entrainment of fine sand is explained from the point of view of mechanics, and the correctness of the structural model is verified.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE624

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