【摘要】：微生物驅(qū)油是利用微生物及其代謝產(chǎn)物對油藏進(jìn)行作用從而提高原油采收率的原理與技術(shù)。微生物采油作為強(qiáng)化采油的一種新技術(shù),是通過提供的有關(guān)細(xì)菌采油的內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致出一種實(shí)用的微生物方法。微生物提高采收率法采油的概念是由Beckman首次提出的,直到20世紀(jì)50年代才由Zobell等開始對這一概念進(jìn)行積極地研究。經(jīng)過多年的研究,認(rèn)為利用微生物采油的機(jī)理主要是靠微生物產(chǎn)生的代謝物:氣體、表面活性劑、生物聚合物、有機(jī)酸、溶劑和微生物裂解重質(zhì)烴類石蠟。從1980年實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的微生物驅(qū)油效果評價到現(xiàn)在國際上的現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用,微生物提高采收率技術(shù)在不斷的進(jìn)步。微生物采油技術(shù)具有驅(qū)油機(jī)理獨(dú)特、操作流程簡單、對地層和環(huán)境無傷害的特性以及可以根據(jù)地層環(huán)境靈活調(diào)整菌種和營養(yǎng)液的優(yōu)勢,特別是對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較差的油井,具有非常明顯的延長油井經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命的作用。但是就微生物的生物特性而言還存在一定的不足,因此,在以后的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐和理論研究中應(yīng)不斷完善該技術(shù),爭取最大化的發(fā)揮微生物采油技術(shù)在提高原油采收率方面的作用。油藏是指原油在單一圈閉中具有同一壓力系統(tǒng)的基本聚集,是由液相流體和固相巖石形成的多界面滲流系統(tǒng)。油藏物性條件和流體性質(zhì)是影響微生物驅(qū)油技術(shù)實(shí)施效果的關(guān)鍵因素,因此本文針對油藏物性條件和流體性質(zhì),研究微生物的代謝作用對油藏巖石界面以及對儲層流體性質(zhì)的影響。首先通過室內(nèi)微生物菌種篩選與評價,優(yōu)選出了產(chǎn)表面活性劑菌bnsp-3,之后利用接觸角測定儀測量不同濃度菌液中巖心樣品潤濕角的改變,研究微生物代謝作用對巖石表面性質(zhì)的影響,最后通過微生物對原油的降解以及微生物產(chǎn)酸產(chǎn)氣等作用效果,研究微生物代謝對流體性質(zhì)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,微生物代謝作用能夠使巖心樣品表面的接觸角減小,潤濕角最小可達(dá)到40.1o,使其潤濕性由親油反轉(zhuǎn)到親水;微生物對原油的降粘作用主要是其代謝產(chǎn)物的貢獻(xiàn),同時細(xì)菌體對代謝產(chǎn)物具有協(xié)同降粘作用;微生物代謝作用明顯增加流體中的揮發(fā)性脂肪酸的含量,最高可達(dá)2816mg/L,使得流體的pH值降低到4.3。研究結(jié)果初步揭示了微生物代謝作用對油藏物性和流體性質(zhì)的影響,對促進(jìn)微生物采油技術(shù)的發(fā)展具有重要的理論和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:Microbial oil displacement is the principle and technology of improving oil recovery by using microorganism and its metabolites. Microbial oil recovery, as a new technology for enhanced oil recovery, leads to a practical microbial method by providing the contents and viewpoints of bacterial oil recovery. The concept of microbial enhanced oil recovery was first proposed by Beckman, and it was not until the 1950s that the concept was actively studied by Zobell et al. After many years of research, it is considered that the mechanism of microbial oil recovery is mainly the metabolites produced by microorganisms: gases, surfactants, biopolymers, organic acids, solvents and microorganism pyrolysis of heavy hydrocarbon paraffins. From the evaluation of microbial oil displacement effect in 1980 to the field application in the world, the technology of microbial oil recovery enhancement has been continuously improved. Microbial oil recovery technology has the advantages of unique oil displacement mechanism, simple operation process, no damage to formation and environment, and the advantages of flexible adjustment of bacteria and nutrient solution according to formation environment, especially for wells with poor economic benefits. The utility model has a very obvious effect on prolonging the economic life of oil wells. However, there are still some deficiencies in the biological characteristics of microorganisms. Therefore, in the future production practice and theoretical research, we should constantly improve the technology, and strive to maximize the role of microbial oil recovery technology in improving oil recovery. Oil reservoir is the basic accumulation of crude oil with the same pressure system in a single trap. It is a multi-interface percolation system formed by liquid fluid and solid rock. Reservoir physical properties and fluid properties are the key factors that affect the effect of microbial oil displacement technology, so this paper aims at reservoir physical properties and fluid properties. The effects of microbial metabolism on reservoir rock interface and reservoir fluid properties were studied. Firstly, through the screening and evaluation of microorganism species in laboratory, the surfactant producing bacteria (bnsp-3,) were selected, and the wetting angle of core samples in different concentrations was measured by contact angle analyzer. The effects of microbial metabolism on rock surface properties were studied. Finally, the effects of microbial metabolism on fluid properties were studied through the effects of microbial degradation of crude oil and microbial acid and gas production. The results show that the microorganism metabolism can reduce the contact angle of core surface and the wetting angle can reach 40.1 o.The wettability of the sample can be reversed from oil to hydrophilic. Microbial viscosity reduction on crude oil is mainly due to the contribution of its metabolites, at the same time, bacteria have synergistic viscosity reduction effect on the metabolites. Microbial metabolism significantly increased the content of volatile fatty acids in the fluid, reaching a maximum of 2816 mg / L, which reduced the pH value of the fluid to 4.3. The results reveal the effect of microbial metabolism on reservoir physical properties and fluid properties, and have important theoretical and practical value in promoting the development of microbial oil recovery technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE357.9
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本文編號：2334636