【摘要】：鉆井泵是鉆井過程中的重要設(shè)備,用于輸送井底循環(huán)鉆井液。在鉆井泵的工作過程中,由于承受較大而不穩(wěn)定的載荷,工作環(huán)境十分惡劣。正是惡劣的工作環(huán)境及自身工作原理,導(dǎo)致鉆井泵的液力端存在著極易損壞的部件,包括活塞、缸套、泵閥系統(tǒng)(閥體、閥座、閥彈簧、閥橡膠密封圈和密封圈壓板等)。鉆井泵易損件的存在,嚴(yán)重影響鉆井泵的工作效率,嚴(yán)重制約著生產(chǎn)效率的提高。針對上述問題,本文對常見易損件之——泵閥系統(tǒng)的失效形式進(jìn)行分析,確立了泵閥系統(tǒng)的主要失效機(jī)理；利用MATLAB軟件對閥體的運(yùn)動(dòng)微分方程進(jìn)行求解,將求解的結(jié)果作為初始條件,對泵閥系統(tǒng)開展了流場仿真分析和沖擊動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析；并就不同閥座類型的泵閥系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了脈沖循環(huán)應(yīng)力作用下的疲勞壽命分析研究；最終提出了在原泵閥系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上的改進(jìn)方案,并進(jìn)行了初步分析研究,以提高泵閥系統(tǒng)的沖擊磨損與沖蝕磨損性能。在上述研究過程中,取得的主要成果包括： (1)對泵閥系統(tǒng)常見失效形式進(jìn)行研究,并通過與各磨損機(jī)理進(jìn)行對比發(fā)現(xiàn),泵閥系統(tǒng)主要的失效機(jī)理包括沖蝕磨損、沖擊磨損及磨料磨損等； (2)通過對閥體的運(yùn)動(dòng)微分方程進(jìn)行求解,求解出閥體運(yùn)動(dòng)的升程曲線,可以看出其近似呈拋物線型或紡錘型,且閥體錐角、沖次等因素對閥體的運(yùn)動(dòng),都有一定的影響,但影響方式和程度不同； (3)在泵閥系統(tǒng)流場中,閥隙處的流場速度較大,且閥隙處流場方向并不是完全沿閥隙方向的,而是與壁面之間呈一定角度。同時(shí)由于流場分布的不均勻性,在流場中液缸靠近閥體位置、閥體上表面及液缸端蓋附近產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)的漩渦,漩渦將使鉆井液速度增加,從而帶動(dòng)鉆井液中的粒子對泵閥系統(tǒng)及液缸相應(yīng)部分產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈沖蝕作用。泵閥系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的流場分布影響因素包括閥體錐角、沖次等。沖擊粒子的大小、形狀、沖擊速度、角度等對粒子與靶材間的沖蝕作用也有著重要的影響； (4)由于閥體和閥座之間巨大的沖擊力作用,將在閥體和閥座上產(chǎn)生較大的應(yīng)力集中,經(jīng)過多次疲勞沖擊后,將導(dǎo)致應(yīng)力沖擊部位因發(fā)生沖擊疲勞磨損而損壞。同時(shí)橡膠密封圈厚度、閥體錐角、閥座外錐角、閥座類型等對泵閥系統(tǒng)的沖擊特性存在影響； (5)提出了閥體與閥座之間采用球面接觸和采用緩沖液缸結(jié)構(gòu)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)方案,兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的泵閥系統(tǒng)分別具有減小沖蝕磨損與沖擊磨損作用。 本文從泵閥系統(tǒng)的主要失效形式出發(fā),建立了一套較為完善的對鉆井泵泵閥系統(tǒng)磨損與失效進(jìn)行仿真分析的方法,該方法對于后續(xù)鉆井泵泵閥系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和參數(shù)優(yōu)選等具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Drilling pump is an important equipment in drilling process, which is used to transport bottom-hole circulating drilling fluid. In the working process of drilling pump, the working environment is very bad because of the large and unstable load. It is the poor working environment and working principle that cause the hydraulic end of the drilling pump to be easily damaged, including piston, cylinder liner, pump valve system (valve body, seat, valve spring, valve rubber seal ring and seal ring pressure plate, etc.). The existence of perishable parts of drilling pump seriously affects the working efficiency of drilling pump and restricts the improvement of production efficiency. In view of the above problems, this paper analyzes the failure form of the pump valve system, which is one of the common easily damaged parts, and establishes the main failure mechanism of the pump valve system. The differential equations of motion of the valve body are solved by MATLAB software. The results of the solution are taken as the initial conditions and the flow field simulation analysis and the impact dynamics simulation analysis of the pump valve system are carried out. The fatigue life of pump valve system with different valve seat types under the action of pulse cyclic stress is studied. Finally, the improvement scheme based on the original pump valve system is put forward, and a preliminary analysis is carried out to improve the impact wear and erosion wear performance of the pump valve system. In the above research process, the main achievements are as follows: (1) the common failure forms of the pump valve system are studied, and the main failure mechanism of the pump valve system is found to include erosion wear by comparing with each wear mechanism. Impact wear and abrasive wear; (2) by solving the differential equation of motion of the valve body, the lifting curve of the body motion can be solved. It can be seen that the valve body is approximately parabolic or spindle-shaped, and the movement of the valve body is affected by such factors as the cone angle, punching and subtraction of the valve body. All have certain influence, but the influence way and degree are different; (3) in the flow field of the pump valve system, the velocity of the flow field at the valve gap is large, and the flow field direction of the valve gap is not completely along the valve gap direction, but is at a certain angle with the wall surface. At the same time, due to the uneven distribution of the flow field, the cylinder near the valve body position in the flow field, the upper surface of the valve body and near the end cover of the cylinder will produce a stronger swirl, which will increase the drilling fluid speed. Thus, the particles in the drilling fluid have strong erosion effect on the pump valve system and the corresponding parts of the cylinder. The influencing factors of the flow field distribution in the pump valve system include the cone angle of the valve body, the impingement and so on. The size, shape, impact velocity and angle of impact particles also have an important effect on the erosion between particles and targets. (4) due to the great impact force between the valve body and the valve seat, there will be a greater stress concentration on the valve body and seat, which will lead to the damage of the stress impact part due to impact fatigue wear after repeated fatigue impact. At the same time, the thickness of rubber seal ring, the cone angle of valve body, the outside cone angle of seat and the type of valve seat have influence on the impact characteristics of pump valve system. (5) two improved schemes of spherical contact between valve body and valve seat and buffer cylinder structure are proposed. The two kinds of pump valve system have the function of reducing erosion wear and impact wear respectively. Starting from the main failure forms of the pump valve system, a set of more perfect methods for simulating the wear and failure of the drilling pump valve system are established in this paper. This method has certain reference value for the structure design and parameter selection of the pump valve system of the follow-up drilling pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE924

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