發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-11 21:10

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)生產(chǎn)力水平的提高,我國(guó)能源消耗日趨嚴(yán)重。生物柴油解決了如何再生熱值高的能源的物質(zhì)這個(gè)難題之一。生物柴油的原料和制備方法多種,如化工法,但污染嚴(yán)重、設(shè)備損害大。目前比較環(huán)保有效的是采用酶酯交換法。本研究首先將脂肪酶固定在經(jīng)硅烷化的粒狀大孔羥基磷灰石泡沫陶瓷內(nèi)。比較了泡沫陶瓷在硅烷化前后對(duì)酶固定化率。采用對(duì)硝基苯酚法測(cè)定其酶活,固定6h后硅烷化最大酶是未硅烷化酶活的217%。在非水相環(huán)境中,通過(guò)甘油法測(cè)試了溫度、微量水及緩沖液、醇油比、添加有機(jī)溶劑異辛烷、作用時(shí)間等單因素條件對(duì)酶活力變化的影響。確定其較好轉(zhuǎn)化條件為溫度55℃、緩沖液油水比為4.2:1、醇油比為3.5、有異辛烷,此時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化率較高。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定固定化酶的穩(wěn)定性,如儲(chǔ)存穩(wěn)定性和使用穩(wěn)定性。得出在4℃第30d活性保持在73%左右,連續(xù)使用10次還保持80%左右的活力。通過(guò)正交實(shí)驗(yàn),得出此固定化酶實(shí)驗(yàn)因素的重要性為依次為:酶量、醇油比、時(shí)間及溫度。由實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得較優(yōu)水平因素是醇油比為3.5、酶量和底物比為50u/g、時(shí)間9小時(shí)、溫度為50℃,實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)化率為78.9%。制備了環(huán)形的(內(nèi))固定化酶(外)膜柱。方法是先制作環(huán)柱狀開(kāi)孔式泡沫陶瓷的濾膜;又在膜內(nèi)陶瓷硅烷化后固定脂肪酶;再在其內(nèi)部裝入顆粒陶瓷酶,得到酶催化-分離核心部分。設(shè)計(jì)了酶膜反應(yīng)裝置及甘油-生物柴油分離器。本酶膜裝置采用響應(yīng)面法,指導(dǎo)分析生物柴油生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。獲得較好的效果。獲此裝置最佳條件:醇油比3.76:1、流量為1.02ml/s和溫度為51.47℃,實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)化率約為87.1%。并且得出轉(zhuǎn)化率的計(jì)算公式,在一定條件范圍可以直接計(jì)算出轉(zhuǎn)化率。分析得出轉(zhuǎn)化率影響因素,重要性依次是醇油比、流量及溫度。使用此酶膜裝置及方法,可以由原料到生物柴油粗制品的連續(xù)生產(chǎn)。對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)生物柴油有一定的的啟發(fā)及應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of productivity, China's energy consumption is becoming more and more serious. Biodiesel solves one of the problems of how to regenerate substances from high-calorific energy sources. There are many raw materials and preparation methods of biodiesel, such as chemical process, but the pollution is serious and the equipment is damaged. At present, enzyme transesterification is an effective method for environmental protection. In this study, lipase was first immobilized in silanized granular macroporous hydroxyapatite foam ceramics. The immobilization rate of foamed ceramics before and after silanization was compared. The enzyme activity was determined by the method of p-nitrophenol. The largest enzyme of silanization was 217g of the non-silanase activity after 6 hours of immobilization. The effects of single factors such as temperature, water and buffer solution, ratio of alcohol to oil, addition of organic solvent isooctane and reaction time on enzyme activity were measured by glycerol method in non-aqueous phase. The optimum conversion conditions were determined as follows: temperature 55 鈩，

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