發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-21 19:57

【摘要】：天然氣作為一種燃燒時(shí)CO2等污染物排放較少、能量利用率高和熱值較高的清潔能源,越來越受世界各國(guó)的重視。天然氣中酸性成分H2S、有機(jī)硫與C02不僅會(huì)造成環(huán)境污染,還會(huì)帶來催化劑中毒、金屬設(shè)備的腐蝕以及影響天然氣的熱值等問題。因而在天然氣的運(yùn)輸與利用之前,必須將H2S、有機(jī)硫與C02從天然氣中脫除。醇胺法是天然氣工業(yè)中最為常用的脫硫脫碳方法。其中MDEA由于對(duì)H2S吸收的選擇性高,再生能耗低,化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好,腐蝕性低,溶液不易發(fā)泡降解等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為應(yīng)用最為廣泛的脫硫脫碳劑。空間位阻胺CB作為一種Taft系數(shù)較高的仲胺,具有比MDEA更高的對(duì)H2S吸收的選擇性和更大的碳容量,以及較低的再生能耗,因而在未來可以在天然氣脫硫脫碳領(lǐng)域推廣應(yīng)用。本論文研究了空間位阻胺CB在天然氣脫硫脫碳領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)良特性,包括較大的碳硫容、較高的對(duì)H2S吸收的選擇性以及較低的再生能耗。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為首先考察了靜態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)下的最佳反應(yīng)條件,結(jié)果表明反應(yīng)溫度40℃、胺液體積分?jǐn)?shù)為35%-45%為最佳配比；然后進(jìn)行了最佳反應(yīng)條件下MDEA溶液與CB溶液脫硫脫碳效果對(duì)比,研究結(jié)果顯示CB溶液不僅在脫硫脫碳效果上,在對(duì)H2S吸收的選擇性上也優(yōu)于MDEA溶液。將CB與MDEA溶液按不同比例復(fù)配制成復(fù)合溶液,保持總胺含量一定,結(jié)果顯示復(fù)合溶液碳硫容和對(duì)H2S吸收的選擇性隨CB含量增加而增加。再生實(shí)驗(yàn)中考察了相同再生條件下復(fù)合溶液與MDEA溶液貧液酸氣含量,顯示在相同的再生條件下,復(fù)合溶液能夠解析出更多地酸氣,且一次再生后脫硫脫碳效果優(yōu)于MDEA溶液,表明CB再生能耗較低�？疾炝藲庖航佑|時(shí)間與原料氣中不同酸氣組成對(duì)復(fù)合溶液與MDEA溶液脫硫脫碳效果的影響。氣液接觸時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),復(fù)合溶液與MDEA溶液碳硫容減小,對(duì)H2S吸收的選擇性增大。在任何氣液接觸時(shí)間下,復(fù)合溶液的碳硫容與對(duì)H2S的選擇性都大于MDEA溶液。保持原料氣中總酸氣含量為8%(φ),原料氣中H2S含量為1%-6%時(shí),原料氣中H2S含量增加,復(fù)合溶液硫容相應(yīng)按比例均勻增加；而原料氣中C02含量增至5%時(shí)復(fù)合溶液對(duì)C02的吸收就會(huì)達(dá)到飽和。腐蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)與發(fā)泡實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示復(fù)合溶液富液與MDEA溶液富液腐蝕速率大于貧液腐蝕速率,復(fù)合溶液吸收較多的酸氣其富液腐蝕速率卻較低。添加咪唑啉類緩蝕劑可以有效緩解富液的腐蝕性,5‰(φ)為最佳添加量。CB溶液的泡沫高度以及消泡時(shí)間均大于MDEA溶液,復(fù)合溶液發(fā)泡傾向大于CB溶液與MDEA溶液,MDEA與CB的混合比例基本不影響復(fù)合溶液的泡沫高度以及消泡時(shí)間。FeS的添加會(huì)加強(qiáng)復(fù)合溶液的發(fā)泡情況,FeS含量為3g/L時(shí)發(fā)泡達(dá)到最大,繼續(xù)添加FeS發(fā)泡情況并不會(huì)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)。添加3‰(φ)的CW-3型消泡劑可以使FeS含量為3g/L的復(fù)合溶液泡沫高度h5cm,消泡時(shí)間t10s,符合國(guó)家石油行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:As a clean energy with low emission of CO2, high energy efficiency and high calorific value, natural gas has been paid more and more attention in the world. The acidic components H _ 2S, organic sulfur and CO _ 2 in natural gas will not only cause environmental pollution, but also lead to poisoning of catalyst, corrosion of metal equipment and influence on the calorific value of natural gas. Therefore, it is necessary to remove H _ 2S, organic sulfur and C _ 02 from natural gas before they can be transported and utilized. Alcohol amine process is the most commonly used desulfurization and decarbonization method in natural gas industry. MDEA has become the most widely used desulfurization and decarburizing agent because of its high selectivity to H _ 2S absorption, low regeneration energy consumption, good chemical stability, low corrosion, and the solution is not easy to be foamed and degraded. As a kind of secondary amine with higher Taft coefficient, steric amine CB has higher selectivity to H 2S absorption, larger carbon capacity and lower regeneration energy than MDEA, so it can be widely used in the field of natural gas desulfurization and decarbonization in the future. In this paper, the excellent characteristics of steric amine CB in the field of natural gas desulfurization and decarbonization are studied, including large carbon and sulfur capacity, high selectivity to H 2S absorption and low energy consumption for regeneration. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, the optimum reaction conditions under static experiment are investigated. The results show that the optimum reaction temperature is 40 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2286202