【摘要】：管道在石油化工的介質(zhì)輸送和物料傳輸方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用,管壁缺陷會(huì)影響其正常工作,并引發(fā)一系列生產(chǎn)事故。利用漏磁檢測(cè)技術(shù)可對(duì)工業(yè)管道缺陷大范圍普查,在不影響管道正常運(yùn)行的狀態(tài)下,評(píng)估管道的腐蝕嚴(yán)重程度,確保管道安全。本文基于漏磁檢測(cè)技術(shù)的基本原理,以外徑300mm的管道為具體研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行管道外壁檢測(cè)技術(shù)的研究。運(yùn)用有限元仿真軟件在管道外壁建立三維漏磁檢測(cè)模型,并求解模型的漏磁場(chǎng)分布。更改管壁缺陷的尺寸和特征,提取缺陷處漏磁場(chǎng)磁通量密度數(shù)據(jù),分析比較缺陷的不同參數(shù)對(duì)漏磁場(chǎng)的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)圓柱形缺陷來(lái)說(shuō),磁通量密度峰值隨缺陷直徑的增大先增大后減小,隨缺陷深度的增加而增大;對(duì)于管壁周向裂紋缺陷,其上方漏磁場(chǎng)磁通量密度三維分布圖契合了裂紋的走向和分布。此外,還分析了缺陷群對(duì)漏磁場(chǎng)的影響,對(duì)傳感器提離高度做了模擬比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)提離值越大,提取到的漏磁場(chǎng)信號(hào)越微弱,由此期望在檢測(cè)中盡可能減小提離高度,以獲得最佳信號(hào)采集效果。對(duì)仿真結(jié)果分析后組建起管道外漏磁檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,取外徑300mm的管道,人為預(yù)制不同直徑相同深度的圓柱形缺陷、不同深度相同直徑的圓柱形缺陷和相同寬度不同深度的裂紋缺陷,進(jìn)行漏磁檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)采集到的數(shù)據(jù)處理,利用三維數(shù)據(jù)波形和缺陷正上方通道的信號(hào)采集數(shù)據(jù)曲線分析缺陷處漏磁場(chǎng)規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)其同有限元仿真得到的漏磁場(chǎng)規(guī)律具有一致性;此外,在管段內(nèi)壁仿制缺陷,驗(yàn)證了管道外壁漏磁檢測(cè)裝置對(duì)管道內(nèi)壁缺陷檢測(cè)的有效性。在總結(jié)前人工作的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的、可換向的管外壁自動(dòng)漏磁檢測(cè)裝置。
[Abstract]:Pipeline plays an important role in the transportation of medium and material in petrochemical industry. The defect of pipe wall will affect its normal operation and lead to a series of production accidents. By using magnetic flux leakage detection technology, the defects of industrial pipelines can be surveyed in a wide range, and the corrosion severity of pipelines can be evaluated without affecting the normal operation of pipelines, and the safety of pipelines can be ensured. Based on the basic principle of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection technology, this paper takes the outer diameter 300mm pipeline as the concrete research object, carries on the pipeline outer wall inspection technology research. A 3D magnetic flux leakage detection model is established by using finite element simulation software on the outer wall of the pipeline, and the flux leakage distribution of the model is solved. The size and characteristics of tube wall defects were changed to extract magnetic flux density data from defects and to analyze and compare the influence of different parameters of defects on magnetic flux leakage. The results show that for cylindrical defects, the peak magnetic flux density increases first and then decreases with the increase of defect diameter, and increases with the increase of defect depth. The 3D distribution of flux density of magnetic flux coincides with the direction and distribution of the crack. In addition, the effect of defect group on magnetic field leakage is analyzed, and the lift height of the sensor is simulated and compared. It is found that the larger the lift value, the weaker the extracted magnetic leakage signal is, so it is expected that the lifting height will be reduced as much as possible in the detection. In order to obtain the best signal acquisition effect. After analyzing the simulation results, a magnetic flux leakage detection system is set up. Under laboratory conditions, the pipe with outer diameter 300mm is used to prefabricate cylindrical defects of different diameters of the same depth, cylindrical defects of different diameters and cracks of the same width and depth, and magnetic flux leakage testing experiments are carried out. For the experimental data processing, the leakage magnetic field law of the defect is analyzed by using the 3D data waveform and the signal acquisition curve of the upper channel of the defect, and it is found that it is consistent with the leakage magnetic field law obtained by the finite element simulation. The defect in the inner wall of the pipe is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the magnetic flux leakage detection device for the inner wall of the pipeline. On the basis of summing up the previous work, an automatic magnetic flux leakage detection device driven by motor and commutative is designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE973.6

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