發(fā)布時間：2018-10-20 12:50

【摘要】：隨著淺部地層油氣資源的日益枯竭,石油開采已逐步向深部地層發(fā)展,鉆井液作為石油鉆井作業(yè)中的重要組成部分,其高溫穩(wěn)定性直接決定鉆井工程的成敗。而鉆井液處理劑的抗溫耐鹽性卻是目前面臨的一項重大技術難題,因此研制新型、廉價、性能優(yōu)異的抗高溫水基鉆井液處理劑具有重要的理論和實際意義。 本文根據(jù)抗高溫鉆井液處理劑的分子結構設計的要求,優(yōu)選了2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨(DMDAAC)和對苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSS)為結構單體,采用過硫酸銨為引發(fā)劑,通過水溶液自由基聚合法合成出一種新型耐溫共聚物降失水劑。通過單因素和正交實驗對聚合反應條件進行優(yōu)化,得到了合成AMPS/AM/DMDAAC/SSS四元共聚物的最優(yōu)合成條件：單體總濃度(質量分數(shù))=30%,單體配比n(AMPS):n(AM):n(DMDAAC):n(SSS)=5：7:2:1,引發(fā)劑加量(單體總質量的百分比)=0.8%,反應溫度=75℃,pH=10,反應時間=6h。結合紅外光譜(FTIR)、核磁共振氫譜(H1NMR)、熱重(TGA)、DSC等分析方法對共聚物進行表征,結果表明四元共聚物AMPS/AM/DMDAAC/SSS含有所設計官能團,分子結構合理,且具有良好的熱穩(wěn)定性。 通過流變和濾失實驗對AMPS/AM/DMDAAC/SSS四元共聚物性能進行評價,結果表明：此共聚物水溶液具有典型高聚物稀溶液特點,流變曲線符合冪率模式,粘度曲線具有剪切稀釋性；共聚物在淡水基鉆井液、4%鹽水基鉆井液和飽和鹽水鉆井液體系中均有較好的抗高溫降濾失能力。由抗溫和對比實驗可知,AMPS/AM/DMDAAC/SSS四元共聚物具有較強的抗溫耐鹽降濾失能力,相同條件下性能明顯優(yōu)于AMPS/AM/NVP/SSS、SMP-Ⅱ和PAC-142。 通過復配實驗,對各種處理劑進行優(yōu)選及最佳用量的確定,獲得了一個抗高溫水基鉆井液體系配方：4%土漿+0.2%FA-367+0.2%XY-27+2.0%SMP+3.0%SPNH+3.0%AM/AMPS/DMDAAC/SSS+重晶石粉。結果表明,該配方具有較好的抗高溫降濾失作用且可控制老化180℃16h后體系的FL(API)在2mL左右,FL(HTHP)在9mL左右,符合抗高溫水基鉆井液體系設計要求。 最后,通過粒徑分析和Zeta電位對共聚物的作用機理進行簡要分析與討論,結果表明,共聚物的加入能顯著改善鉆井液體系粘土顆粒的粒徑大小和分布,有效促進粘土顆粒的水化分散能力,抑制粘土顆粒的聚結作用,通過粘土顆粒的緊密堆積形成致密的濾餅,從而達到降低濾失量的目的。
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【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE254.4

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