【摘要】：2000年,我國開始建設(shè)第一條高壓力、大輸量、長距離天然氣管道——西氣東輸管道一線,“十一五”以來又啟動和規(guī)劃了西氣東輸二線、三線、四線等天然氣管道,預(yù)計到2020年,我國天然氣管道年輸送量將達(dá)4200×108Nm3以上。這些天然氣管道運行壓力都在6MPa以上,在交接給下游用戶是需使用調(diào)壓橇降壓分輸。調(diào)壓橇為節(jié)流裝置,在調(diào)壓過程中上游增加的壓力大部分浪費掉,如果能夠回收這部分壓力能則可以產(chǎn)生顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本文提出應(yīng)用單螺桿膨脹機(jī)回收長輸管道高壓天然氣的壓力能進(jìn)行發(fā)電,并提出冷能利用建議方案,實現(xiàn)能源節(jié)約的目的。文章首先提出壓力能回收方案,然后從熱力學(xué)分析角度,應(yīng)用?分析方法從理論上分析了壓力能發(fā)電可行性,對回收過程中形成的低溫天然氣,提出冷能綜合利用方案,確保天然氣管道不發(fā)生凍脹,并實現(xiàn)站場節(jié)能優(yōu)化。針對回收壓力能的核心設(shè)備,選擇系統(tǒng)更加簡單、維護(hù)量更少的單螺桿膨脹機(jī)作為回收壓力能的核心設(shè)備,并對成套系統(tǒng)、部件和控制系統(tǒng)提出具體技術(shù)要求,包括參考的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范、系統(tǒng)配置、報警保護(hù)等。根據(jù)單螺桿膨脹機(jī)的性能測試數(shù)據(jù),可知能夠滿足系統(tǒng)回收壓力能的要求。根據(jù)建議的壓力能回收系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計,采用凈現(xiàn)值法進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析,在分輸流量低至10×104Nm3/d時,開展壓力能回收仍然具有顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。最后,文章對天然氣管道分輸調(diào)壓系統(tǒng)所蘊含的大量壓力能和冷能應(yīng)用進(jìn)行展望,若能夠開展有效的綜合利用,將在節(jié)約能源、建設(shè)運營綠色天然氣管道方面具有顯著的社會效益。
[Abstract]:In 2000, China began to build the first high pressure, large volume and long distance natural gas pipeline, a line of gas from the west to the east. Since the 11th Five-Year Plan, natural gas pipelines such as the second, third, and fourth lines of gas transmission from the west to the east have been started and planned. It is estimated that by 2020, the annual transportation capacity of natural gas pipeline in China will be more than 4200 脳 108Nm3. These natural gas pipeline operating pressure above 6MPa, in the handover to downstream users are required to use pressure-sled decompression points. The pressure regulating skid is a throttling device, and the increasing pressure in the upstream of the regulating process is mostly wasted. If this part of pressure energy can be recovered, it will bring about remarkable economic benefits. In this paper, a single screw expander is used to recover the pressure energy of high pressure natural gas from long distance transportation pipeline for power generation, and a proposal for the utilization of cold energy is put forward to realize the purpose of energy saving. In this paper, the method of pressure energy recovery is put forward, and then applied from the point of view of thermodynamics analysis. The feasibility of generating electricity by pressure energy is analyzed theoretically. The comprehensive utilization scheme of cold energy is put forward to ensure that the natural gas pipeline will not be frozen-heaved and the energy saving optimization of the station yard is realized. For the core equipment of recovering pressure energy, the single screw expander with simpler system and less maintenance is selected as the core equipment to recover pressure energy, and the specific technical requirements for complete set of system, parts and control system are put forward. Including reference standards and specifications, system configuration, alarm protection and so on. According to the performance test data of single screw expander, it can meet the demand of system recovery pressure energy. According to the design of the proposed pressure energy recovery system, the net present value (NPV) method is used to analyze the economic benefits. When the distribution flow is as low as 10 脳 104Nm3/d, the recovery of pressure energy still has significant economic benefits. Finally, the paper looks forward to the application of a large amount of pressure energy and cold energy contained in the distribution and pressure regulation system of natural gas pipeline. If effective comprehensive utilization can be carried out, energy will be saved. Construction and operation of green natural gas pipeline has significant social benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832

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