【摘要】：塔河油田縫洞型碳酸鹽巖油藏以大型溶洞、溶蝕孔洞及裂縫為主要儲(chǔ)集空間,其非均質(zhì)性極強(qiáng),且多種流動(dòng)方式共存,勘探開發(fā)屬于世界級(jí)難題。由于塔河油田油藏地層水礦化度高及油藏溫度高,使得所有已成功用于砂巖油藏的聚合物驅(qū)、三元復(fù)合驅(qū)、微生物法、熱力采油等提高采收率技術(shù),均不能直接用于塔河油田縫洞型碳酸鹽巖油藏。儲(chǔ)集體裂縫發(fā)育,更增添了高成本化學(xué)法應(yīng)用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。注氣是一種有效的提高原油采收率的方法,將其應(yīng)用于裂縫性油藏,不僅可以維持地層壓力,還可以有效提高采收率。礦場(chǎng)注氣試驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明,影響注氣效果的因素包括油藏特征、流體物性和動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)三方面。不同特點(diǎn)的油藏對(duì)注氣方式和注氣氣源有不同的要求。本論文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外注氣提高采收率技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)縫洞型油藏儲(chǔ)層特征和注氣前地層原油性質(zhì)及相態(tài)的研究,綜合注入不同類型氣體提高采收率機(jī)理的分析,確定采用氮?dú)夂蜔N類氣體作為塔河油田注入氣源進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。通過(guò)室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,明確了不同氣體對(duì)地層流體高壓物性特征的影響,掌握了不同注氣條件下,地層流體性質(zhì)變化規(guī)律,提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。在室內(nèi)模擬縫洞油藏注水后進(jìn)行注氣驅(qū)油實(shí)驗(yàn),分析注氣驅(qū)油提高采收率的可行性,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,縫洞油藏水驅(qū)之后進(jìn)行氣驅(qū)可以進(jìn)一步的提高原油采收率。研究結(jié)果表明：注氣后原油體積系數(shù)增大,膨脹系數(shù)升高,粘度下降,密度降低。在相同注氣壓力下,天然氣溶解量遠(yuǎn)高于氮?dú)馊芙饬�；但相同注氣量時(shí),原油性質(zhì)變化幅度相近；從氣源和成本的角度考慮,氮?dú)獾臍庠簇S富,成本較低,后期處理較容易,由于氣油重力差和粘度差的差異較大,更容易與原油形成重力分異現(xiàn)象從而達(dá)到替油的目的,因此對(duì)于縫洞型油藏注氣替油提高采收率時(shí)氮?dú)馐且环N具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)的氣源。研究結(jié)果還顯示,注入氮?dú)夂鯇?dǎo)致原油飽和壓力增大,體積系數(shù)和原油膨脹系數(shù)均有所降低,原油粘度上升,對(duì)注氣提高采收率不利,同時(shí)也會(huì)給生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)安全隱患。
[Abstract]:The fractured and cavernous carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield are characterized by large caverns, dissolution pores and fractures as the main reservoir space, with strong heterogeneity and coexistence of various flow modes. Exploration and development is a world-class problem. Due to the high degree of formation water mineralization and the high reservoir temperature in Tahe Oilfield, all the technologies that have been successfully used in polymer flooding, ASP flooding, microbial method, thermal oil recovery and so on have been successfully used in sandstone reservoirs. Neither of them can be directly used in fractured and cavernous carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield. The development of reservoir cracks increases the risk of the application of high-cost chemical method. Gas injection is an effective method to improve oil recovery. Applying it to fractured reservoirs can not only maintain formation pressure, but also improve oil recovery effectively. The statistical data of field gas injection test show that the factors affecting gas injection effect include reservoir characteristics, fluid physical properties and dynamic parameters. Different characteristics of reservoirs have different requirements for gas injection mode and gas injection source. Based on the investigation of the present situation and development trend of gas injection enhanced oil recovery technology at home and abroad, this paper studies the reservoir characteristics and the formation crude oil properties and phase state before gas injection. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of enhanced recovery by injecting different types of gases, nitrogen and hydrocarbon gases were selected as the injection gas source of Tahe Oilfield for experimental study. Through laboratory experiments, the influence of different gases on the high pressure physical properties of formation fluid is clarified, and the variation law of formation fluid properties under different gas injection conditions is grasped, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. The experiment of gas injection and oil displacement was carried out in the laboratory simulation of fracture-cavity reservoir after water flooding, and the feasibility of gas injection to improve oil recovery was analyzed. The experimental results show that gas flooding after water flooding in fracture-cavity reservoir can further improve oil recovery. The results show that after gas injection, the volume coefficient of crude oil increases, the coefficient of expansion increases, the viscosity decreases and the density decreases. At the same gas injection pressure, the dissolved amount of natural gas is much higher than the dissolved amount of nitrogen gas, but at the same injection rate, the change of crude oil properties is similar. From the point of view of gas source and cost, the gas source of nitrogen is abundant, the cost is lower, and the later treatment is easier. Because the difference of gravity and viscosity between gas and oil is great, it is easier to form gravity differentiation with crude oil to achieve the purpose of replacing oil, so nitrogen is a kind of gas source with certain advantages when gas injection is used to improve oil recovery. The results also show that nitrogen injection will increase the saturation pressure of crude oil, decrease the volume coefficient and expansion coefficient of crude oil, and increase the viscosity of crude oil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.7

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本文編號(hào)：2279830