黃原膠的化學(xué)改性與性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-18 11:33
【摘要】:細(xì)菌胞外多糖黃原膠(XG)因其良好的增粘、抗鹽、抗剪切以及耐酸堿性能在石油開(kāi)采領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用。但它在使用過(guò)程中存在耐溫有限、用量大等問(wèn)題,因此可通過(guò)化學(xué)改性的方式向黃原膠分子中引入多種官能團(tuán)并增加其分子量,使其具有更好的耐溫性能、更高的粘度以及更強(qiáng)的抗降解能力。據(jù)此本論文提出3種改性黃原膠的路線。1.以1-十八烯和馬來(lái)酸酐的交替共聚物為改性劑,使其與XG在異相條件下發(fā)生酯化反應(yīng)制得了具有微交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)的改性黃原膠(PX),并通過(guò)核磁共振、紅外光譜、多角激光光光散射和熱重分析進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌的表征。研究表明改性后XG的熱轉(zhuǎn)變點(diǎn)由原來(lái)的40℃提高50℃,說(shuō)明酯鍵的交聯(lián)以及長(zhǎng)烷基鏈?zhǔn)杷喓辖Y(jié)構(gòu)的引入使耐溫性能大幅提高。當(dāng)聚合物水溶液濃度達(dá)到10g·L-1時(shí),4個(gè)PX樣品的粘度明顯高于黃原膠,尤其是PX-4濃度達(dá)到10g·L"1時(shí),其粘度達(dá)到1946mPa·s,而黃原膠在相同濃度時(shí)粘度僅為790mPa-s。除此以外,改性還使XG的抗鹽和抗機(jī)械剪切性能有所提高,并且探究聚合物和原油的乳化行為發(fā)現(xiàn),改性黃原膠能使原油乳化為更均勻、更細(xì)小的乳狀液。2.以十八烷基異氰酸酯為改性劑,利用“一鍋煮”法使其與XC在異相條件下發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)制得了兩親性的黃原膠(MXG),并通過(guò)核磁共振、紅外光譜、元素分析和熱重分析進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)和熱穩(wěn)定性表征。多角激光光散射測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn),此改性方法可使黃原膠的表觀重均分子量由原來(lái)的237萬(wàn)最高增加至658萬(wàn)。通過(guò)對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),在礦化水中熱降解2160h后,MXG-1和MXG-2中粘度分別降為138mPa·s和124mPa·s,而XG粘度降為79mPa·s,說(shuō)明MXG-1和MXG-2抗老化降解性能更優(yōu)越。溫度和NaCl濃度對(duì)聚合物粘度的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),適度MXG比XG具有更優(yōu)越的耐溫和抗鹽性能。另外,改性黃原膠具有更高的表面活性,在濃度為5g·L-1時(shí),5個(gè)MXG樣品中尤以MXG-5表面張力最低,達(dá)到52mN·m-1,而XG表張力為63mN·m-1。聚合物和原油的乳化行為表明,疏水基團(tuán)的引入使改性黃原膠親油的能力增強(qiáng),原油的乳化效果得到改善。3.以1-溴代十四烷為改性劑,使其與XG在異相條件下發(fā)生醚化反應(yīng)制得了改性黃原膠BX,并通過(guò)核磁共振、紅外光譜、熱重分析和多角激光光散射進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌表征。通過(guò)研究XG和BX水溶液與正庚烷之間的界面張力隨聚合物濃度的變化情況可以發(fā)現(xiàn),疏水基團(tuán)的引入賦予黃原膠一定的界面活性,使改性黃原膠更易在水/油界面發(fā)生吸附,導(dǎo)致溶液界面張力明顯下降,當(dāng)濃度為5g.L-1,黃原膠和正庚烷之間的界面張力為48mN·m-1,而改性黃原膠BX-3與正庚烷之間的界面張力最低可以降至37mN·m-1。另外,聚合物長(zhǎng)期老化穩(wěn)定測(cè)試表明:通過(guò)醚化手段向黃原膠接枝適當(dāng)比例的疏水基團(tuán)可改善其水溶液抗老化穩(wěn)定性能,本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下以4g黃原膠與0.5g溴代十四烷反應(yīng)為最佳。
[Abstract]:Bacterial extracellular polysaccharide xanthan gum (XG) has been widely used in petroleum exploitation for its good viscosity, salt resistance, shear resistance and acid and alkaline resistance. However, it has some problems such as limited temperature resistance and high dosage, so it can introduce various functional groups into xanthan gum molecule by chemical modification and increase its molecular weight to make it have better temperature resistance. Higher viscosity and higher resistance to degradation. Based on this, three kinds of modified xanthan gum routes are put forward. 1. The modified xanthan gum (PX), with microcrosslinked structure was prepared by esterification of 1-octadecene and maleic anhydride as modifier under heterogeneous conditions. The structure and morphology were characterized by polygonal laser scattering and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the thermal transition point of modified XG is increased by 50 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2279002
[Abstract]:Bacterial extracellular polysaccharide xanthan gum (XG) has been widely used in petroleum exploitation for its good viscosity, salt resistance, shear resistance and acid and alkaline resistance. However, it has some problems such as limited temperature resistance and high dosage, so it can introduce various functional groups into xanthan gum molecule by chemical modification and increase its molecular weight to make it have better temperature resistance. Higher viscosity and higher resistance to degradation. Based on this, three kinds of modified xanthan gum routes are put forward. 1. The modified xanthan gum (PX), with microcrosslinked structure was prepared by esterification of 1-octadecene and maleic anhydride as modifier under heterogeneous conditions. The structure and morphology were characterized by polygonal laser scattering and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the thermal transition point of modified XG is increased by 50 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2279002
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