【摘要】：近年來,隨著大規(guī)模壓裂技術(shù)在頁巖氣、致密油氣以及低滲、超低滲透油氣田的推廣實(shí)施,水力噴射壓裂過程中砂含量和泵的排量變得越來越大,壓裂工具將不可避免的承受液固兩相流高速?zèng)_蝕作用。本文對(duì)水力噴射壓裂工具常用材料35Cr Mo和鈷基合金進(jìn)行了抗沖蝕性能的研究。利用噴射式實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置研究了35Cr Mo材料和鈷基合金材料在0.2%的羥丙基瓜爾膠溶液和石英砂組成的液、固兩相流體中的沖蝕規(guī)律,利用失重法計(jì)算沖蝕速率并結(jié)合掃描電鏡對(duì)沖蝕形貌進(jìn)行了分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:35Cr Mo材料的沖蝕速率隨沖擊角度的增加先增大后減小,沖刷溶液的沖擊角度為45°時(shí),35Cr Mo試樣表面沖蝕磨損最嚴(yán)重;35Cr Mo材料和鈷基合金材料的沖蝕速率隨流速的增加均增大,但是35Cr Mo的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)比鈷基合金的更加明顯;35Cr Mo材料沖蝕速率隨入射流體流速增高過程中存在臨界值,此臨界速率大約為8.2m/s,當(dāng)流速高于此臨界值時(shí),沖蝕速率隨入射流速增高而迅速上升;石英砂含量在50kg/m3~100kg/m3內(nèi),35Cr Mo材料的沖蝕速率隨著砂含量的增加而增大,當(dāng)砂含量達(dá)到100kg/m3時(shí),沖蝕速率達(dá)到最大,隨著石英砂含量的繼續(xù)增加,35Cr Mo材料沖蝕速率開始趨于穩(wěn)定,鈷基合金材料的沖蝕速率隨著砂含量的增加穩(wěn)定緩慢增加。液固混合溶液對(duì)35Cr Mo材料的沖蝕作用主要表現(xiàn)為機(jī)械沖刷磨損,材料的損傷機(jī)理為“微切削”與“沖擊鍛打”兩種機(jī)理并存,小角度入射時(shí)以微切削為主,大角度入射時(shí)以沖擊鍛打?yàn)橹�。鈷基合金的損失形式表現(xiàn)為石英砂的不斷沖擊使材料表面形成疲勞裂紋,在隨后的沖蝕過程中裂紋擴(kuò)展,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致材料損失。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the popularization and implementation of large-scale fracturing technology in shale gas, tight oil and gas fields and low permeability and ultra-low permeability oil and gas fields, sand content and pump discharge during hydraulic jet fracturing have become larger and larger. Fracturing tools will inevitably withstand high-speed erosion of liquid-solid two-phase flow. In this paper, the erosion resistance of commonly used materials 35Cr Mo and cobalt based alloys for hydraulic jet fracturing tools is studied. The erosion behavior of 35Cr Mo and cobalt-based alloy materials in 0.2% hydroxypropyl guar gum solution and quartz sand was studied by using a jet apparatus. The erosion rate was calculated by weightlessness method and the erosion morphology was analyzed by SEM. The experimental results show that the erosion rate of 35Cr Mo increases first and then decreases with the increase of impact angle. When the impact angle of the scour solution is 45 擄, the erosion wear on the surface of 35Cr Mo specimen is the most serious, and the erosion rate of 35Cr Mo material and cobalt-based alloy material increase with the increase of flow rate. However, the growth trend of 35Cr Mo is more obvious than that of cobalt-based alloy, and the critical value of erosion rate of 35Cr Mo material is about 8.2 m / s in the process of increasing the flow rate of incident fluid, when the flow rate is higher than this critical value, The erosion rate of 35Cr Mo material increases with the increase of sand content in 50kg/m3~100kg/m3, and the erosion rate of 35Cr Mo material increases with the increase of sand content. When the content of sand reaches 100kg/m3, the rate of erosion increases rapidly, and the erosion rate reaches the maximum when the content of sand reaches 100kg/m3, and the rate of erosion increases with the increase of sand content in 50kg/m3~100kg/m3. With the increase of quartz sand content, the erosion rate of 35Cr Mo materials tends to be stable, and the erosion rate of cobalt-based alloy materials increases slowly with the increase of sand content. The erosive effect of liquid-solid mixed solution on 35Cr Mo material is mainly manifested by mechanical erosion and wear. The damage mechanism of the material is the coexistence of "micro-cutting" and "impact forging", and micro-cutting is the main mechanism when the incidence of small angle is small. When large angle incidence, the main impact forging. The loss form of cobalt-based alloy is that the continuous impact of quartz sand causes the fatigue crack on the surface of the material, and the crack propagates during the subsequent erosion process, which leads to the loss of the material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE934.2

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