【摘要】：近年來(lái),由于陸地石油、天然氣資源日益匱乏,人們對(duì)海洋石油、天然氣的開(kāi)發(fā)利用逐漸增多,水下油氣管道的投放量和使用量快速增長(zhǎng),受限于服役年限與所處的海洋環(huán)境,水下油氣管道需要更換和維修。隨著開(kāi)采深度的不斷增加,油氣管道所處的壓力也在不斷攀升,焊接環(huán)境壓力對(duì)水下焊接技術(shù)提出很高的要求,而水下高壓干法焊接因其較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性和較好的焊接質(zhì)量成為近年來(lái)常用的水下焊接手段,有著非常大的應(yīng)用前景,因此研究和發(fā)展高效、高質(zhì)量的水下高壓干法焊接技術(shù)意義重大。本文利用數(shù)值模擬軟件Fluent軟件,對(duì)水下高壓干式GMAW焊接電弧及熔滴過(guò)渡進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)建模,并進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬和分析。針對(duì)焊接電弧進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明:電弧形狀為鐘罩形,隨著環(huán)境壓力的提升,電弧收縮,電弧徑向弧柱尺寸減少,電弧中心最高溫度上升,電弧壓力上升,電弧電流密度上升。當(dāng)環(huán)境壓力一定,隨著焊接電流的增大,電弧收縮程度減小,電弧徑向弧柱尺寸增大,電弧中心最高溫度上升電弧壓力下降,電弧電流密度上升。針對(duì)熔滴過(guò)渡進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明:隨著環(huán)境壓力的提升,熔滴過(guò)渡的形式會(huì)有不同形式的變化,如射流過(guò)渡、射滴過(guò)渡、大滴過(guò)渡,熔滴過(guò)渡的頻率會(huì)降低,熔滴的尺寸會(huì)增大。當(dāng)環(huán)境壓力一定,隨著焊接電流的增大,熔滴過(guò)渡的頻率上升,熔滴的尺寸下降。利用水下高壓干式焊接實(shí)驗(yàn)艙進(jìn)行焊接試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)中采用高速攝像系統(tǒng)將焊接電弧及熔滴過(guò)渡過(guò)程拍攝下來(lái),通過(guò)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比驗(yàn)證,二者結(jié)果基本一致,試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的正確性,因此數(shù)值模擬的研究成果對(duì)水下高壓干式焊接研究具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the scarcity of land oil and natural gas resources, the exploitation and utilization of offshore oil and natural gas are increasing gradually, and the quantity and usage of underwater oil and gas pipeline are increasing rapidly, which is limited by the service life and the marine environment. Underwater oil and gas pipelines need to be replaced and maintained. With the increasing of mining depth, the pressure of oil and gas pipeline is also rising. The pressure of welding environment puts forward very high requirements for underwater welding technology. Because of its strong adaptability and good welding quality, underwater high-pressure dry welding has become a common method of underwater welding in recent years, and has a great prospect of application. Therefore, the research and development of high efficiency, High quality underwater high pressure dry welding technology is of great significance. In this paper, the numerical simulation software Fluent is used to model the arc and droplet transfer of underwater high-pressure dry GMAW welding, and the numerical simulation and analysis are carried out. The numerical simulation of welding arc shows that the arc shape is bell-shaped. With the increase of ambient pressure, the arc shrinks, the radial arc column size decreases, the maximum temperature of the arc center rises, and the arc pressure rises. The arc current density increases. When the ambient pressure is constant, the arc shrinkage decreases with the increase of welding current, the radial arc column size increases, the arc pressure decreases and the arc current density increases. The numerical simulation of droplet transfer is carried out. The results show that with the increase of environmental pressure, droplet transfer will change in different forms, such as jet transfer, droplet transfer, and the frequency of droplet transfer will decrease. The size of the droplet will increase. With the increase of welding current, the frequency of droplet transfer increases and the size of droplet decreases. The welding experiment was carried out in the underwater high-pressure dry welding laboratory. The welding arc and droplet transfer process were photographed by high-speed camera system in the experiment. The experimental results were compared with the numerical simulation results, and the two results were basically the same. The experimental results verify the correctness of the numerical simulation results, so the research results of the numerical simulation are instructive to the research of underwater high pressure dry welding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京石油化工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE973.3;TG44

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