【摘要】：W/O型乳狀液的蠟沉積會(huì)減小有效管徑,降低管道的輸送能力,甚至?xí)构艿腊l(fā)生凝管,帶來(lái)較嚴(yán)重的安全事故。目前對(duì)單相原油蠟沉積的機(jī)理、影響因素與預(yù)測(cè)模型的研究已經(jīng)比較成熟,而對(duì)W/O型乳狀液蠟沉積的研究相對(duì)較少,因此有必要對(duì)W/O型乳狀液蠟沉積規(guī)律展開(kāi)研究。本文從分析水相對(duì)油樣物性參數(shù)的影響上著手,相繼進(jìn)行了原油及乳狀液的物性研究、析蠟特性研究與流變特性研究,并利用自行設(shè)計(jì)的旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)蠟裝置進(jìn)行了原油及乳狀液的蠟沉積實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析了W/O型乳狀液蠟沉積的影響因素,并回歸出了W/O型乳狀液蠟沉積預(yù)測(cè)模型。本文主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)論如下： (1)選取渤海某區(qū)塊生產(chǎn)的高含蠟原油作為實(shí)驗(yàn)原油,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)原油配制了W/O型乳狀液,測(cè)定了原油及乳狀液的密度、比熱容、凝點(diǎn)、含蠟量等基礎(chǔ)物性。 (2)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)原油進(jìn)行了熱分析,得到了原油的析蠟點(diǎn)、析蠟峰值等析蠟特性參數(shù)；對(duì)原油及乳狀液進(jìn)行了流變性測(cè)定,并根據(jù)黏度實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),回歸出了能同時(shí)體現(xiàn)溫度、剪切速率與含水率對(duì)黏度影響的W/O型乳狀液黏度預(yù)測(cè)模型,模型預(yù)測(cè)精度較高。 (3)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)冷指實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置加以改進(jìn),設(shè)計(jì)了一種新的旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)蠟裝置,該裝置具有能夠準(zhǔn)確模擬油流剪切作用、耗油量少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 (4)利用實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行蠟沉積實(shí)驗(yàn),分析了油溫、油壁溫差、流速及含水率對(duì)W/O型乳狀液蠟沉積的影響規(guī)律,并發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)乳狀液含水率不同時(shí),油溫、油壁溫差與流速對(duì)蠟沉積的影響規(guī)律均有所不同。 (5)在黃啟玉模型的基礎(chǔ)上,充分考慮水相對(duì)油樣物性參數(shù)的影響,并將含水率與單相流結(jié)蠟傾向系數(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián),回歸出了W/O型乳狀液蠟沉積模型,該模型的預(yù)測(cè)精度能滿(mǎn)足工程實(shí)際的需要。
[Abstract]:Wax deposition of W / O emulsion will reduce the effective diameter of the pipe, reduce the transportation capacity of the pipeline, and even lead to the condensation of the pipe, which will lead to serious safety accidents. At present, the research on the mechanism, influencing factors and prediction model of single-phase crude oil wax deposition has been more mature, but the research on W / O type emulsion wax deposition is relatively few, so it is necessary to study the law of W / O emulsion wax deposition. Based on the analysis of the effect of water on the physical properties of oil samples, the physical properties of crude oil and emulsion have been studied one after another, and the characteristics of wax evolution and rheology have been studied. The wax deposition experiments of crude oil and emulsion were carried out by using a rotating dynamic wax deposit device designed by ourselves. The influencing factors of wax deposition in W / O emulsion were analyzed, and the prediction model of wax deposition in W / O emulsion was regressed. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the high waxy crude oil produced in a certain block of Bohai Sea is selected as experimental crude oil. The W / O emulsion is prepared by using the experimental crude oil, and the density and specific heat capacity of crude oil and emulsion are measured. The basic physical properties of crude oil, such as condensate point, wax content and so on. (2) the waxing point and peak value of wax evolution of crude oil are obtained by thermal analysis, and rheological properties of crude oil and emulsion are measured, and the viscosity experimental data are used to determine the rheological properties of crude oil and emulsion. The model of predicting viscosity of W / O emulsion with the influence of temperature, shear rate and moisture content on viscosity is obtained, and the prediction accuracy of the model is high. (3) the traditional cold finger experimental device is improved. A new rotating dynamic wax deposition device is designed. The device has the advantages of accurate simulation of oil flow shearing and less oil consumption. (4) the oil temperature and oil wall temperature difference are analyzed by using the experimental device to carry out wax deposition experiments. The effect of flow rate and water content on wax deposition of W / O emulsion is different. It is found that when the water content of emulsion is different, the effect of oil temperature, oil wall temperature difference and flow rate on wax deposition is different. (5) on the basis of Huang Qi-yu model, the effect of oil temperature, oil wall temperature difference and flow rate on wax deposition is different. Considering the effect of water on the physical properties of oil samples, and correlating the water content with the wax deposition tendency coefficient of single-phase flow, a W / O emulsion wax deposition model is regressed. The prediction accuracy of the model can meet the needs of engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE832

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