【摘要】：與國(guó)內(nèi)外其它地區(qū)碳酸鹽巖油藏的類型不同,塔河奧陶系碳酸鹽巖油藏非均質(zhì)性極強(qiáng),流動(dòng)規(guī)律復(fù)雜,有滲流,管流、過渡流等多種流動(dòng)規(guī)律。該油藏開發(fā)歷程顯示遞減率較大、采收率較低。經(jīng)過多年的研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累和多個(gè)科研項(xiàng)目的攻關(guān)突破,西北油田分公司已形成了針對(duì)單井單元的注水替油和多井單元的注水開發(fā)技術(shù),有效地減緩了油藏遞減,提高了采收率。但隨著注水開發(fā)的深入,目前所采取的注水方案逐漸失效,為此西北油田分公司開展了單井注氣提高采收率現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)初步顯示注氣效果顯著。通過調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然注氣的定性機(jī)理明確,但由于地質(zhì)情況的復(fù)雜、三維地質(zhì)模型的可靠性低、注氣開發(fā)的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)指標(biāo)不明確,導(dǎo)致缺少詳細(xì)的注氣方案。為此本論文圍繞兩大相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行研究,其一為地質(zhì)模型的完善,其二為改善的地質(zhì)模型基礎(chǔ)之上的注采參數(shù)優(yōu)化及注氣方案設(shè)計(jì)研究。 本文以塔河4區(qū)作為研究背景,依據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)選井原則,優(yōu)選兩口具有明顯構(gòu)造特征的單井單元作為研究對(duì)象,通過兩口井現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)過程中的靜動(dòng)態(tài)資料,分析評(píng)價(jià)注氣開發(fā)過程中的影響因素,并以此作為注氣方案設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),之后利用三維地質(zhì)建模及數(shù)值模擬一體化技術(shù),從機(jī)理層面分析驗(yàn)證注氣開發(fā)的可行性,通過各類注采參數(shù)的優(yōu)選對(duì)比來完善最終的注氣方案設(shè)計(jì)。 本文基于等效單重介質(zhì)模型,提出一種虛擬溶洞段測(cè)井曲線的賦值方法并采用一種特殊溶洞滲透率場(chǎng)建立方法完善了溶洞滲透率模型的建立難題,完善了兩口單井的地質(zhì)模型,使完善的地質(zhì)模型更加接近于儲(chǔ)層實(shí)際狀況,為數(shù)值模擬提供了可靠基礎(chǔ)。針對(duì)增加儲(chǔ)量動(dòng)用程度的目標(biāo),本文聚焦于儲(chǔ)層高部位“閣樓油”而提出注氣開發(fā)方式,在明確注氣機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,采用數(shù)值模擬的方法順序優(yōu)選了注氣時(shí)機(jī)、注氣量、注采比、燜井時(shí)間、開井工作制度等注采參數(shù),設(shè)計(jì)了各類優(yōu)選方案共18組,初步形成了塔河4區(qū)碳酸鹽巖縫洞型油藏注氣技術(shù)政策,這對(duì)于塔河縫洞型油藏注氣開發(fā)具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Different from other carbonate reservoir types at home and abroad, Tahe Ordovician carbonate reservoir has strong heterogeneity, complex flow law, seepage flow, pipe flow and transition flow. The development history of this reservoir shows that the decline rate is large and the oil recovery is low. After many years' accumulation of research experience and breakthrough of many scientific research projects, Northwest Oilfield Branch Company has formed water injection development technology for single well unit and multi-well unit, which can effectively slow down reservoir decline and improve oil recovery. However, with the development of water injection, the water injection scheme adopted at present gradually failed. For this reason, a single well gas injection enhanced oil recovery field test was carried out in the branch of Northwest Oilfield, and the preliminary results showed that the effect of gas injection was remarkable. It is found that although the qualitative mechanism of gas injection is clear, the reliability of 3D geological model is low and the parameters of gas injection development are not clear, which leads to the lack of detailed gas injection scheme. Therefore, this paper focuses on two related issues, one is the perfection of geological model, the other is the optimization of injection-production parameters and the design of gas injection scheme based on the improved geological model. In this paper, based on the field selection principle, two single well units with obvious structural characteristics are chosen as the research object, and the static and dynamic data of the two wells during the field test are selected as the research background. This paper analyzes and evaluates the influencing factors in the process of gas injection development, and takes this as the basis of gas injection scheme design. Then, the feasibility of gas injection development is verified from the mechanism level by using the integrated technology of 3D geological modeling and numerical simulation. The final gas injection scheme design is improved through the optimal selection and comparison of various injection and production parameters. Based on the equivalent single medium model, this paper presents a method to assign the log curves of virtual caverns, and uses a method to establish a special permeability field to perfect the problem of establishing the permeability model of the cavern and perfect the geological model of two single wells. The perfect geological model is closer to the actual reservoir condition and provides a reliable basis for numerical simulation. In view of the goal of increasing the degree of reserve production, this paper focuses on the "loft oil" in the high position of reservoir and puts forward the gas injection development mode. On the basis of clear gas injection mechanism, the gas injection timing and gas injection volume are selected sequentially by numerical simulation method. Injection-production ratio, braising time, working system of open well and other injection-production parameters are designed in 18 groups, and the gas injection technology policy of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir in Tahe area 4 is preliminarily formed. This has certain reference significance for gas injection development of Tahe fractured and cavernous reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.7

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