【摘要】：淺水曲流河三角洲是近年來沉積學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)和油氣勘探的重點(diǎn)對象,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者基于地下儲層、露頭、現(xiàn)代沉積進(jìn)行了大量研究,關(guān)于淺水曲流河三角洲的沉積特征與沉積模式,不同學(xué)者往往持不同觀點(diǎn),在缺乏沉積過程與演化特征觀察、分析的現(xiàn)狀下,很難統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識�；诖�,本文選取鄱陽湖贛江三角洲這一典型的淺水曲流河三角洲,根據(jù)其水動(dòng)力、水深、沉積物供給等數(shù)據(jù),采用基于泥沙水動(dòng)力學(xué)的沉積過程數(shù)值模擬軟件(Delft3D)再現(xiàn)淺水曲流河三角洲的生長與演化過程,并與現(xiàn)代淺水曲流河三角洲對比驗(yàn)證,建立淺水曲流河三角洲沉積模式。研究表明:(1)在淺水環(huán)境下,曲流河三角洲快速向湖生長,三角洲前緣持續(xù)向前延伸并快速平原化,具有典型的寬平原-窄前緣的特征。三角洲垂向沉積厚度較小,但底積-前積-頂積三層結(jié)構(gòu)完整。(2)淺水曲流河三角洲平原發(fā)育數(shù)條同期活躍的高彎度分流河道,在平原近端,分流河道存在頻繁的側(cè)向遷移現(xiàn)象,可對先期三角洲前緣、前三角洲沉積侵蝕改造,形成串珠狀點(diǎn)壩,經(jīng)長期側(cè)向遷移可形成大規(guī)模的長條寬帶狀分流河道復(fù)合體,分流河道對先期沉積體的長期改造使得大部分厚層砂體呈正韻律,導(dǎo)致先期河口壩保存程度較低;在前緣遠(yuǎn)端,由于堤岸不穩(wěn)定,分流河道往往存在決口改道現(xiàn)象,廢棄的水道缺乏砂質(zhì)沉積物供給而成為高泥質(zhì)充填水道,多條廢棄分流河道在三角洲平原遠(yuǎn)端形成高泥質(zhì)充填河網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。(3)淺水曲流河三角洲前緣水下分流河道是平原分流河道在水體中的短程延伸,水道長約300m,由于水體較淺,河口處水流沖刷能力較強(qiáng),水?dāng)y沉積物多在水下分流河道側(cè)緣堆積形成指狀壩。由于分流河道建設(shè)性極強(qiáng),水下分流河道往往頻繁發(fā)生決口或側(cè)向擺動(dòng),經(jīng)多期復(fù)合,可形成多分叉復(fù)合體指狀壩,而前緣水下分流河道在廢棄后往往被泥質(zhì)充填。(4)受三角洲平原遠(yuǎn)端水道決口改道的控制,前緣多分叉指狀復(fù)合壩沿岸線遷移,可形成大面積近等厚砂體。
[Abstract]:Shallow meandering river delta has been the focus of sedimentology research and oil and gas exploration in recent years. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research based on underground reservoir, outcrop and modern sedimentation. Different scholars tend to hold different views on the sedimentary characteristics and models of shallow meandering river delta. In the absence of observation and analysis of sedimentary process and evolution characteristics, it is difficult to unify understanding. Based on this, this paper selects the Poyang Lake Ganjiang Delta, a typical shallow meandering river delta, according to its hydrodynamic, water depth, sediment supply and other data. The sedimentation process numerical simulation software (Delft3D) based on sediment hydrodynamics was used to reproduce the growth and evolution process of shallow meandering river delta, and compared with that of modern shallow meandering river delta, the sedimentary model of shallow meandering river delta was established. The results are as follows: (1) in shallow water environment, the meandering river delta grows rapidly to the lake, the delta front continues to extend forward and becomes plain rapidly, which has the typical characteristics of wide plain and narrow front. The vertical depositional thickness of the delta is relatively small, but the structure of the three layers is complete. (2) in the shallow meandering river delta plain, there are several simultaneously active high-bend distributary channels, and in the near end of the plain, there are frequent lateral migration phenomena in the distributary channel. The pre-delta front and pre-delta sediment erosion can be transformed to form beaded point dams, and a large scale broad-band distributary channel complex can be formed through long-term lateral migration. The long-term transformation of the distributary channel to the pre-sedimentary body makes most thick sand bodies have positive rhythm, which leads to the lower preservation degree of the pre-existing estuarine dam, and at the far end of the front edge, because of the instability of the bank of the dike, the distributary channel often has the phenomenon of diverging channel. Abandoned waterways are short of sandy sediment supplies and become high-muddy filling waterways. Many abandoned distributary channels form a high muddy filling river network system at the far end of the delta plain. (3) the shallow meandering river delta front underwater distributary channel is the short-range extension of the plain distributary channel in the water body, the length of the channel is about 300m, because of the shallow water body, In estuaries, the erosion capacity of water flow is strong, and most of the sediment carried by water accumulates in the lateral edge of underwater distributary channel to form finger dam. Because the distributary channel is very constructive, the underwater distributary channel often occurs break or lateral wobble frequently, and the multi-branched complex finger dam can be formed after multi-period compound. However, the front underwater distributary channel is often filled with mud after it is abandoned. (4) under the control of the channel of the far end of the delta plain, the front edge multi-bifurcation finger composite dam moves along the shore line, and a large area of nearly equal thickness sand body can be formed.
【作者單位】： 中國石油大學(xué)(北京)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院油氣資源與探測國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國石油青海油田分公司井下作業(yè)公司;中國石油青海油田分公司勘探開發(fā)研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號41372116) 國家重大科技專項(xiàng)(編號2011ZX05009-003)聯(lián)合資助成果
【分類號】：P618.13

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