【摘要】：含油污泥是在原油的開采、煉化和儲運過程中產(chǎn)生的危險廢棄物,含油污泥中含有毒有害物質(zhì)會對自然環(huán)境和人類健康造成嚴重的影響,同時含油污泥中有大量的油份,具有很高的回收利用價值,因此對其進行合理有效的處置有十分重要的意義。含油污泥處置方法的選擇需要綜合考慮含油污泥的各項理化特性,含油污泥的流變特性在含油污泥的管道輸運等過程中是不可缺少的參數(shù)。因此,本文對幾種典型含油污泥樣品的基本理化特性及流變特性進行了試驗研究,主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： (1)含油污泥的H/C比范圍為1.35～1.96,與常規(guī)的減壓渣油相當,熱值范圍為20000J/g-37000J/g,含油率為35%-81%。油相主要成分為飽和烴,其含量在33%-51%之間。微觀圖像表明含油污泥中的油和水大部分以油包水的形式結(jié)合在一起。含油污泥中重金屬主要分布于殘渣中,平均含量最高的重金屬元素為Zn (1328.16mg/kg),最低的為Cd (8.92mg/kg)。 (2)含油污泥粘度隨剪切速率和溫度的升高而降低,呈現(xiàn)明顯的屈服假塑性流體的特性。隨剪切速率的升高,油泥粘度的變化分為急劇下降段(0～200s-1)、緩慢下降段(200～400s-1)和穩(wěn)定段(400～600s-1)；低溫段(30-50℃)溫度對粘度的影響遠超過高溫段(50～70℃)的影響。不同添加劑對含油污泥的降粘作用也有較大差別,溶劑油和甲基乙基酮對所有油泥樣品都有較好的降粘作用,添加量小于20%時,溶劑油的降粘效果優(yōu)于甲基乙基酮；大于20%時,兩者差別不明顯,曲拉通對含油污泥的降粘作用取決于原油泥中水和油的含量及微觀結(jié)合方式。 (3)赫巴、卡森、冪律三種流變模型的擬合結(jié)果表明：赫巴模型對含油污泥的流變曲線擬合度較高,但溫度較低時無法完全體現(xiàn)流體的屈服應(yīng)力。單獨使用卡森模型來擬合誤差較大。冪律模型的擬合度介于赫巴模型和卡森模型之間,但缺少屈服應(yīng)力項,因此局限性較大。0-200s-1使用卡森模型擬合、200s-1以上使用赫巴模型擬合的兩段擬合方式既可以保證擬合精度,又可以很好的體現(xiàn)流體的屈服應(yīng)力。
[Abstract]:Oily sludge is a hazardous waste produced in the process of crude oil extraction, refining and storage and transportation. The toxic and harmful substances in the oily sludge will have serious effects on the natural environment and human health, and there is a large amount of oil in the oily sludge. It has high recycling value, so it is very important to dispose it reasonably and effectively. The physical and chemical properties of oily sludge should be considered synthetically in the selection of disposal methods of oily sludge. The rheological characteristics of oily sludge are indispensable parameters in the pipeline transportation of oily sludge. Therefore, the basic physical and chemical properties and rheological properties of several typical oily sludge samples were studied in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the H / C ratio of oily sludge is 1.35 ~ 1.96, which is similar to that of conventional vacuum residue. The caloric range is 20000J / g-37000J / g, and the oil content is 35-81g. The main component of the oil phase is saturated hydrocarbon, the content of which is between 33% and 51%. Microscopic images show that oil and water in oily sludge are mostly combined in the form of water in oil. The content of heavy metals in oily sludge was mainly distributed in residue. The average content of heavy metals was Zn (1328.16mg/kg), and the viscosity of Cd (8.92mg/kg). (2) decreased with the increase of shear rate and temperature. The properties of yield pseudoplastic fluid are obvious. With the increase of shear rate, the variation of viscosity of oil mud can be divided into three stages: 0~200s-1, 200~400s-1 and 400~600s-1, and the effect of temperature at low temperature (30-50 鈩，

本文編號：2239037