【摘要】：泡沫驅(qū)既具有高強度的調(diào)剖能力,又兼具洗油功能,在保護儲層的同時可以大幅度提高油藏的波及體積和驅(qū)油效率,從而提高采收率。但泡沫驅(qū)過程中存在氣體竄流現(xiàn)象從而會影響其效果。因此,進一步認識泡沫驅(qū)的作用機理及其過程中氣竄規(guī)律,為該技術(shù)先導(dǎo)試驗和后期大規(guī)模應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。本文首先對低張力泡沫體系的起泡性能進行了綜合評價,結(jié)果表明起泡劑的最優(yōu)使用濃度為0.5%。該濃度下泡沫具有較強的穩(wěn)定性和析液半衰期,并能節(jié)約經(jīng)濟成本,從而提高經(jīng)濟效益。其次,采用一維填砂管進行單管和雙管實驗對泡沫驅(qū)過程中起泡劑濃度、氣液比、注入速度、注入方式、滲透率、含油飽和度等影響氣竄現(xiàn)象的因素進行了研究,結(jié)果表明:地層的滲透率過高時,在地層中存在著較大的滲流通道,而泡沫的尺寸不能與之對應(yīng),泡沫驅(qū)的阻力因子較小,泡沫不能對滲流通道形成有效的封堵;高濃度的表面活性劑可以增強液膜的強度,液膜排液作用的進行降低了氣竄現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生;使用泡沫發(fā)生器,產(chǎn)生的泡沫質(zhì)量優(yōu)于段塞注入以及氣液共注等方式,不易發(fā)生氣竄;注入速度越小,越容易發(fā)生氣竄現(xiàn)象,但是注入速度超過一定值以后,泡沫的封堵能力趨于穩(wěn)定;由于氣相流度增大對泡沫穩(wěn)定性的影響,隨著氣液比(氣相流速)的增大,泡沫在多孔介質(zhì)中的流動阻力逐漸增大,降低了氣竄現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生;為了界定氣竄時機和程度,在實驗基礎(chǔ)上提出了含氣上升率Ig,以Ig=0.5作為臨界點界定氣竄。最后進行凍膠泡沫防氣竄實驗研究,結(jié)果表明凍膠泡沫具有比常規(guī)泡沫更好的封堵性能,在油田生產(chǎn)中,可以選擇使用合理濃度的凍膠泡沫來抑制氣竄的發(fā)生,在泡沫驅(qū)替過程中可以通過注入凍膠泡沫段塞來加強封堵效果,為油田的增產(chǎn)提供保障
[Abstract]:Foam flooding not only has the ability of profile control with high intensity, but also has the function of oil washing. While protecting the reservoir, it can greatly improve the sweep volume and oil displacement efficiency of the reservoir, thus increasing the oil recovery. However, gas channeling in foam flooding process will affect its effect. Therefore, to further understand the mechanism of foam flooding and its gas channeling in the process, to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the pilot test and large-scale application of the technology. In this paper, the foaming performance of low tension foam system is evaluated. The results show that the optimum concentration of foaming agent is 0.5. At this concentration, the foam has strong stability and half life of liquid evolution, and can save the economic cost and improve the economic benefit. Secondly, single and double pipe experiments with one-dimensional sand filling pipe were used to study the factors affecting gas channeling phenomena, such as foaming agent concentration, gas-liquid ratio, injection rate, injection mode, permeability, oil saturation and so on. The results show that when the permeability of the formation is too high, there is a large seepage channel in the formation, but the size of foam can not correspond to it, the resistance factor of foam flooding is small, and foam can not effectively block the seepage channel. The high concentration of surfactant can enhance the strength of liquid film, and the discharge of liquid film reduces the occurrence of gas channeling, the foam quality produced by foam generator is better than that of slug injection and gas-liquid injection, and it is not easy to occur gas channeling. The smaller the injection rate, the easier the gas channeling occurs, but when the injection rate exceeds a certain value, the plugging ability of the foam tends to be stable, because of the effect of the gas phase mobility on the foam stability, with the increase of the gas-liquid ratio (gas velocity), The flow resistance of foam in porous media increases gradually, which reduces the occurrence of gas channeling. In order to define the time and degree of gas channeling, it is proposed that Ig=0.5 be used as critical point to define gas channeling in Ig, on the basis of experiments. Finally, the gas channeling resistance of gel foam is studied. The results show that gel foam has better plugging performance than conventional foam. In oil field production, a reasonable concentration of gel foam can be used to suppress gas channeling. In the process of foam displacement, the plugging effect can be strengthened by injecting gel foam slug, which can provide guarantee for increasing production of oil field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.46

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