【摘要】：水擊現(xiàn)象是管道安全運行需要避免的情況之一,但由于某些客觀因素水擊現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生不可以避免,所以在管道設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)運營時需要在容易受到水擊影響到的地方考慮這一因素。目前對于水擊壓力的計算多是采用國外的管道仿真軟件,這些軟件的主要用途是用于模擬管道正常運行工況,但是對于水擊這一壓力波動大、波動快的非正常工況,這些管道仿真軟件的計算精度不高。所以在需要考慮水擊影響因素時,一個精確的水擊計算工具就顯示出很高的價值。 本論文的研究是通過對目前主要水擊計算方法的調(diào)研展開的。通過前期調(diào)研了解主要計算方法,比較它們的優(yōu)缺點,重點選取了特征線法和顯式差分法做比較,并引入自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格,進(jìn)一步提高計算精度。 針對論文研究的液體管道模型,選取了停泵水擊和關(guān)閥水擊兩種水擊模型作為水擊研究的計算模型。并使用Matlab工具來驗證特征線法和顯式差分法,比較兩種計算方法的計算結(jié)果,最后選取顯式差分法作為水擊計算程序的計算方法。同時本文還提出,以密度為變量,使變量的個數(shù)達(dá)到3個。該方法的原因在于,密度對水擊波速的影響很大,而且管內(nèi)流體的密度是不均勻且變化的。 運用visual studio C#編程工具,完成了水擊模擬程序的編寫。最后通過對具體實例進(jìn)行水擊模擬分析。模擬管道在泵機組突然斷電和控制閥失靈關(guān)閉情況下發(fā)生的水擊,得到模擬結(jié)果如下： (1)在泵機組斷電的情況下,水擊壓力短時間內(nèi)升高很快,此后變化較為平緩,斷電停泵的同時,由于泵站站后壓力高于站前壓力,將使泵站發(fā)生斷流情況。最后當(dāng)泵站的進(jìn)站壓力高于了出站壓力后,管內(nèi)流體越站流過泵站； (2)在控制閥失靈關(guān)閉的情況下,水擊壓力在水擊波返回至閥門處時,閥門端壓力處于最大值,此后水擊壓力逐漸減小,可以得到波速有減慢的現(xiàn)象。在不同的關(guān)閥時長的情況下分別模擬的結(jié)果可以看出,關(guān)閥時長越長,水擊造成的最大壓力越小,出現(xiàn)時間越晚。 本文通過對水擊計算的研究,得到了較為精準(zhǔn)的水擊計算方法,并通過使用自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格,進(jìn)一步提高計算精度。同時編寫水擊模擬程序,所得到的水擊模擬程序具有一定的水擊模擬能力,能解決一定的水擊分析問題,具有一定的實用性。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of water hammer is one of the situations that need to be avoided in the safe operation of pipeline, but the occurrence of water hammer can not be avoided because of some objective factors. Therefore, this factor should be taken into account in the design and operation of pipelines where they are vulnerable to water hammer. At present, most of the calculation of water hammer pressure is based on the overseas pipeline simulation software. The main purpose of these software is to simulate the normal operation condition of the pipeline. But for the water hammer, the pressure fluctuates greatly and fluctuates rapidly under the abnormal working condition. The calculation accuracy of these pipeline simulation software is not high. Therefore, an accurate tool for calculating water hammer shows high value when considering the influencing factors of water hammer. The research of this paper is based on the investigation of the main methods of water hammer calculation. In this paper, the main calculation methods are investigated, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, the feature line method and explicit difference method are selected to compare them, and adaptive meshes are introduced to further improve the calculation accuracy. According to the model of liquid pipeline studied in this paper, two kinds of water hammer models, stop pump water hammer and shut off valve water hammer, are selected as the calculation models of water hammer research. The Matlab tool is used to verify the characteristic line method and explicit difference method, and the results of the two methods are compared. Finally, the explicit difference method is selected as the calculation method of the water hammer calculation program. At the same time, it is suggested that the number of variables can reach 3 by taking density as variable. The reason of this method is that the density has a great influence on the velocity of water hammer wave and the density of fluid in the pipe is inhomogeneous and varied. Using visual studio C # programming tool, completed the water hammer simulation program. Finally, the water hammer simulation analysis of concrete examples is carried out. The simulation results are as follows: (1) the water hammer pressure increases rapidly in a short period of time when the pump unit is out of power and the water hammer pressure changes more slowly after the water hammer pipe is suddenly out of power and the control valve fails to close, and the simulation results are as follows: (1) when the pump unit is out of power, the water hammer pressure rises rapidly in a short period of time. At the same time, because the pressure behind the pumping station is higher than the pressure before the station, the pump station will be cut off. Finally, when the inlet pressure of the pump station is higher than that of the exit station, the fluid in the pipe passes through the pump station; (2) when the control valve fails to close, the water hammer pressure is at the maximum when the water hammer wave returns to the valve. After that, the water hammer pressure decreases gradually, and the wave velocity slows down. The simulation results show that the longer the valve is, the smaller the maximum pressure caused by water hammer is and the later it appears. In this paper, a more accurate calculation method of water hammer is obtained by studying the calculation of water hammer, and the accuracy of calculation is further improved by using adaptive grid. At the same time, the simulation program of water hammer has certain ability of water hammer simulation, can solve the problem of water hammer analysis, and has certain practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE88

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