【摘要】：破巖技術是油氣鉆井技術的核心內容,隨著油氣田開發(fā)日益深入,高效破巖技術更是提高破巖效率、減少鉆進時間和安全、快速地降低鉆井成本的重要因素之一；破巖效率的好壞直接決定著鉆井速度和成本,更決定著鉆井工程的經濟效益。把高應力擾動破巖方法首次引入鉆井工程,為提高鉆井破巖效率提供了一個大膽的嘗試及思路。 本文通過對高應力擾動破巖和巖爆等機理等基礎進行了調研,分析和總結。深部地層巖石內部積聚了很大的彈性應變能,縫端應力集中,沒有超過強度值。由于深部地層的巖石中高應力一直存在。另外,巖石內部存在許多裂隙,屬于非連續(xù)介質。若給巖石一個擾動力,使巖石內部常中止于此的裂紋擴展,隨著巖石的裂紋發(fā)展,巖石剛度會突然劣化,直至完全破壞,甚至產生局部巖爆。 論文開展了高應力擾動破巖工具方案設計。從高應力擾動耦合破巖,深部地層巖爆機理的特點出發(fā),分析了高應力擾動破巖工具的功能及結構,并提出了具體的結構方案,論述了其工作原理。進一步,分析了動靜載荷下巖石破巖能量變化,總結了高應力擾動破巖工具的詳細設計思路。 本文并不針對工程應用進行樣機設計,而是開展原理性樣機驗證。工具的擾動力是通過控制閥的有效流通面積周期性變化,產生水擊,使工具內活塞兩端形成壓差,跟鉆柱自重形成合力,實現(xiàn)動靜加載,擾動深部巖石,甚至發(fā)生巖爆,從而提高破巖效率。而閥的控制是由渦輪驅動的,進而需要分析閥水力轉矩的大小規(guī)律和驅動閥,渦輪需要滿足的功率大小,最后根據功率需要,進行渦輪設計。因此,后面以試驗樣機為例,著重從高應力擾動破巖工具關鍵設計的理論方面進行分析。 在室內試驗方面,設計了原理性樣機,建立了試驗臺,開展了驗證性試驗,并對試驗結果進行了分析,最后得出結論,該樣機原理正確,能夠實現(xiàn)動靜組合加載,利用深部地層應力特點并通過輔助工具可以提高鉆井破巖效率。 本論文開展的研究工作,立足于前沿科學,運用理論分析和實驗驗證的方法,對高應力擾動破巖工具進行了原理性分析和樣機試制,具有較高的理論和應用價值。不僅為鉆井工程引入高應力破巖方法提供了寶貴經驗、推動了鉆井工程的技術進步,而且為國內的高效破巖技術提供了一個大膽的嘗試、新方法和新思路。
[Abstract]:Rock breaking technology is the core content of oil and gas drilling technology. With the deepening development of oil and gas field, high efficiency rock breaking technology is one of the important factors to improve rock breaking efficiency, reduce drilling time and safety, and quickly reduce drilling cost. Rock breaking efficiency directly determines drilling speed and cost, but also determines the economic benefits of drilling engineering. The method of high stress disturbance rock breaking is introduced into drilling engineering for the first time, which provides a bold attempt and train of thought for improving drilling rock breaking efficiency. In this paper, the mechanism of high stress disturbance rock breaking and rock burst is investigated, analyzed and summarized. There is a great amount of elastic strain energy accumulated in the deep strata and the stress concentration at the fracture end is not more than the strength value. High stress has always existed in the rocks of deep strata. In addition, there are many cracks in the rock, which belong to discontinuous medium. If a disturbing force is given to the rock, the crack propagation in the rock usually stops here. With the development of the crack in the rock, the stiffness of the rock will suddenly deteriorate until it is completely destroyed, and even a local rock burst will occur. The scheme design of high stress disturbance rock breaking tool is carried out in this paper. Based on the characteristics of high stress disturbance coupled rock breaking and deep strata rock burst mechanism, the function and structure of high stress disturbance rock breaking tools are analyzed, and the concrete structure scheme is put forward and its working principle is discussed. Furthermore, the variation of rock breaking energy under dynamic and static loads is analyzed, and the detailed design ideas of high stress disturbance rock breaking tools are summarized. This paper does not carry on the prototype design for the engineering application, but carries out the principle prototype verification. The disturbing force of the tool is to produce water hammer through the periodic change of the effective circulation area of the control valve, so that the pressure difference between the two ends of the piston in the tool is formed, and the joint force is formed with the self-weight of the drill string, so as to realize the dynamic and dynamic loading, disturb the deep rock, or even rock burst. So as to improve the efficiency of rock breaking. The control of the valve is driven by the turbine, and it is necessary to analyze the law of the hydraulic torque of the valve and the driving valve, the power that the turbine needs to meet. Finally, the turbine design is carried out according to the power requirement. Therefore, the experimental prototype is taken as an example to analyze the key design theory of high stress disturbance rock breaking tool. In the aspect of indoor test, the principle prototype is designed, the test bench is set up, the verification test is carried out, and the test results are analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the principle of the prototype is correct and the dynamic and static loading can be realized. The drilling rock breaking efficiency can be improved by using the characteristics of deep formation stress and auxiliary tools. The research work carried out in this paper is based on the frontier science. The theoretical analysis and experimental verification method are used to analyze the principle of high stress disturbance rock breaking tools and the prototype is trial-produced, which is of high theoretical and practical value. It not only provides valuable experience for drilling engineering to introduce high-stress rock breaking method, but also promotes the technical progress of drilling engineering, and provides a bold attempt, new method and new idea for domestic high-efficiency rock breaking technology.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE21

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本文編號：2236142