【摘要】：目前,天然氣已成為影響國民生計的重要戰(zhàn)略資源,隨著其普及范圍的增加,國家對天然氣壓縮設(shè)備的安全穩(wěn)定提出了更高的要求。在天然氣壓縮領(lǐng)域,往復(fù)活塞式壓縮機因其熱效率高、適應(yīng)壓力范圍廣、造價低廉等優(yōu)點在天然氣增壓集輸、采氣、注氣、輕烴回收和脫硫增壓等方面得到廣泛的使用。緩沖罐是減小氣流脈動最常用的結(jié)構(gòu),它對改善往復(fù)活塞式壓縮機氣路系統(tǒng)的振動起到了重要的作用。緩沖罐長期處在高壓、機組振動等工作環(huán)境中,如果發(fā)生開裂失效,泄漏的高壓易爆天然氣將威脅到現(xiàn)場使用人員的安全。同時,壓縮機大多工作在野外,導(dǎo)致壓縮機維修不便,長時間的停運往往造成嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失。因此,緩沖罐的安全可靠就顯得尤其重要。 本文通過對一常用的往復(fù)活塞式壓縮機緩沖罐進行強度及模態(tài)分析研究,找到了結(jié)構(gòu)的薄弱部位以及結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)參數(shù)識別方法,通過補強設(shè)計提高了緩沖罐的強度,通過分析結(jié)構(gòu)共振研究可能的失效原因,從而為采取措施避免失效提供了參考。主要開展了以下幾個方面的工作： (1)通過綜述國內(nèi)外往復(fù)式壓縮機安全可靠問題以及緩沖罐強度分析研究的現(xiàn)狀,確定本文所采用的有限元計算方法和壓力容器安全評價標準來進行緩沖罐強度計算與校核。具體利用Workbench靜力分析模塊進行了結(jié)構(gòu)靜力強度分析,找到了緩沖罐在不同工況下的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變規(guī)律與結(jié)構(gòu)薄弱部位。 (2)對增加補強圈后的緩沖罐進行靜強度計算與校核,同時對補強圈結(jié)構(gòu)不同尺寸進行正交試驗研究,并得出了補強圈尺寸對緩沖罐結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力峰值的影響規(guī)律。 (3)利用Workbench的模態(tài)分析模塊對緩沖罐結(jié)構(gòu)進行了有無預(yù)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下的模態(tài)分析,通過模態(tài)分析得到了緩沖罐的固有頻率、模態(tài)振型和模態(tài)應(yīng)力參數(shù),驗證了靜力分析時得出的結(jié)構(gòu)薄弱部位結(jié)論。然后利用緩沖罐流固耦合分析的計算結(jié)果進行了預(yù)應(yīng)力下的模態(tài)分析,研究了工作參數(shù)對結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)參數(shù)的影響。(4)進行了模態(tài)測試試驗,得到了緩沖罐的試驗固有頻率及模態(tài)振型,通過對比有限元的模態(tài)結(jié)果,對有限元分析方法進行了驗證。 通過上述研究成果,可以更合理的設(shè)計緩沖罐補強圈結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,從而盡可能的提高緩沖罐的安全系數(shù),避免在復(fù)雜振動環(huán)境中的意外失效。模態(tài)分析得出的結(jié)果為工程設(shè)計人員與現(xiàn)場使用人員提供了安全指導(dǎo),從而為提高其可靠性,以及防止發(fā)生意外失效提供了有價值的參考。
[Abstract]:At present, natural gas has become an important strategic resource affecting the livelihood of the people. With the increase of its popularization scope, the country has put forward higher requirements for the safety and stability of natural gas compression equipment. In the field of natural gas compression, reciprocating piston compressors are widely used in natural gas pressurization and transportation, gas production, gas injection, light hydrocarbon recovery and desulfurization and pressurization because of their high thermal efficiency, wide range of adaptive pressure and low cost. Buffer tank is the most commonly used structure to reduce the flow pulsation. It plays an important role in improving the vibration of reciprocating piston compressor system. The buffer tank is in the working environment of high pressure and unit vibration for a long time. If cracking and failure occur, the leaking high pressure explosive natural gas will threaten the safety of the personnel in the field. At the same time, the compressor mostly works in the field, which leads to the inconvenience of compressor maintenance, and the long time outage often results in serious economic losses. Therefore, the safety and reliability of the buffer tank is particularly important. Through the strength and modal analysis of a commonly used reciprocating piston compressor buffer tank, the weak part of the structure and the modal parameter identification method are found, and the strength of the buffer tank is improved by reinforcement design. By analyzing the possible failure causes of structural resonance, this paper provides a reference for taking measures to avoid failure. The main works are as follows: (1) through summarizing the safety and reliability problems of reciprocating compressors at home and abroad and the present situation of strength analysis of buffer tanks, The finite element method and the safety evaluation standard of pressure vessel are adopted to calculate and check the strength of buffer tank. The static strength analysis of the structure is carried out by using the Workbench static analysis module, and the stress-strain law and the weak part of the structure of the buffer tank under different working conditions are found. (2) the static strength calculation and checking of the buffer tank after adding the reinforcing ring are carried out. At the same time, the orthogonal test was carried out to study the different dimensions of the reinforcing ring structure. The influence of the reinforcement ring size on the peak stress of the buffer tank structure is obtained. (3) the modal analysis of the buffer tank structure with or without prestress is carried out by using the modal analysis module of Workbench. Through modal analysis, the natural frequency, modal mode and modal stress parameters of the buffer tank are obtained, and the conclusion of the weak part of the structure obtained in static analysis is verified. Then the modal analysis under prestress is carried out by using the results of fluid-solid coupling analysis of buffer tank, and the influence of working parameters on modal parameters of the structure is studied. (4) Modal test is carried out. The experimental natural frequencies and modal modes of the buffer tank are obtained. The finite element analysis method is verified by comparing the modal results of the finite element method. Through the above research results, the structural dimensions of the reinforcement ring of the buffer tank can be designed more reasonably, so as to increase the safety factor of the buffer tank as much as possible and avoid accidental failure in the complex vibration environment. The results of modal analysis provide safety guidance for engineering designers and field users, thus providing a valuable reference for improving their reliability and preventing accidental failure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE974

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