【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)石油鉆采工具行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,油田開發(fā)的不斷深入,鉆井的難度也越來(lái)越大,高技術(shù)含量的井下工具顯得尤為重要。但傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)方法來(lái)研究井下工具,不但費(fèi)用高、時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而且效果差,為了開發(fā)先進(jìn)的井下工具,有必要建立一套試驗(yàn)裝置,模擬現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工藝及工況來(lái)檢測(cè)工具的性能。通過(guò)模擬試驗(yàn)充分驗(yàn)證井下工具的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo),及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)井下工具設(shè)計(jì)和加工中存在的問(wèn)題,有利于井下工具的改進(jìn)和完善,減少井下作業(yè)事故的發(fā)生,從而提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)的工藝成功率。本文通過(guò)分析井下工具的實(shí)際工況特點(diǎn),針對(duì)井下工具設(shè)計(jì)一套適用于井下工具的模擬測(cè)試臺(tái)架。該臺(tái)架能夠輸出最大28KNm的扭矩和20噸的鉆壓,不但能夠模擬0～30度的地層傾角,0～125℃的溫度變化,還能在0～200r/min的轉(zhuǎn)速區(qū)間無(wú)極調(diào)速,且具有實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)功能。通過(guò)分析了井下工具的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作特點(diǎn),然后以此為依據(jù),從臺(tái)架的總體設(shè)計(jì)要求、本體、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、重要零部件、液壓控制系統(tǒng)、電氣控制系統(tǒng)等方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究分析,從而設(shè)計(jì)出了一套功能強(qiáng)大的井下工具模擬測(cè)試臺(tái)架。測(cè)試臺(tái)架的主體采用了箱梁式結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),很好的保證了臺(tái)架主體的強(qiáng)度。通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行布局優(yōu)化,有效減少臺(tái)架的長(zhǎng)度,并增加臺(tái)架的穩(wěn)定性。通過(guò)新設(shè)計(jì)的夾持機(jī)構(gòu),能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)不同規(guī)格,不同外徑井下工具的裝夾,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了裝夾機(jī)構(gòu)的自由移動(dòng)。起升系統(tǒng)和推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架起升、下降,推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)前進(jìn)、后退等規(guī)定操作。通過(guò)采用液壓鎖和液控單向閥,能夠使測(cè)試臺(tái)架的起升系統(tǒng)和推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)可以在任意運(yùn)動(dòng)位置停止,并保持自鎖。在起升系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)中,額外添加了起升保護(hù)支撐桿,為測(cè)試臺(tái)架的安全運(yùn)行又增添了新的保證。運(yùn)用相對(duì)成熟的電控技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)試臺(tái)架在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中的自動(dòng)化與半自動(dòng)操作流程。能夠?qū)崟r(shí)的輸出實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中所施加的扭矩、鉆壓、轉(zhuǎn)速、溫度、傾角等參數(shù),并且能夠?qū)崟r(shí)保存為EXCEL文件,方便調(diào)用和分析。針對(duì)井眼軌跡控制工具,結(jié)合井下工具模擬測(cè)試臺(tái)架的實(shí)驗(yàn)性能,采用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一套具有一定理論支撐的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案。為了節(jié)省投入,實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程分為了實(shí)驗(yàn)因素、水平以及響應(yīng)等的初選和井眼軌跡控制工具性能測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)兩個(gè)部分。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中充分考慮了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)、因素、水平、響應(yīng)、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、以及后勤保障措施,能夠有效地完成井眼軌跡控制工具的測(cè)試任務(wù)。該實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架順利通過(guò)驗(yàn)收。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該測(cè)試臺(tái)架能夠完成井下工具在不同鉆壓、不同扭矩、不同轉(zhuǎn)速、不同地層傾角以及不同地層溫度條件下的模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中同步記錄了井下工具所承受的實(shí)時(shí)扭矩、鉆壓、轉(zhuǎn)速、溫度、傾角等參數(shù),可以方便的分析這些參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。由于采用了比較成熟的設(shè)計(jì)和控制方案,該實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架結(jié)構(gòu)合理、基本功能完善、系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行安全、可靠。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's oil drilling and production tools industry and the deepening of oil field development, it is more and more difficult to drill, and the high-tech downhole tools are particularly important. But the traditional field test method to study the downhole tools is not only costly, long-term and ineffective, in order to develop advanced downhole tools, it is necessary to build. A set of test equipment is set up to test the performance of the tool by simulating the field process and working conditions. The performance indexes of the downhole tool are fully verified by the simulation test, and the problems existing in the design and processing of the downhole tool are discovered in time, which is conducive to the improvement and perfection of the downhole tool, reducing the occurrence of downhole operation accidents and improving the field test. Through analyzing the actual working conditions of downhole tools, this paper designs a set of simulation test bench for downhole tools. The bench can output the maximum torque of 28KNm and 20 tons of drilling pressure. It can not only simulate the formation dip of 0-30 degrees, the temperature change of 0-125 degrees centigrade, but also the rotational speed of 0-200 r/min. This paper analyzes the structure and working characteristics of the downhole tools, and then makes a systematic study and analysis of the overall design requirements of the bench, the body, the transmission system, the important parts, the hydraulic control system, the electrical control system and other aspects, so as to design a set of powerful functions. By optimizing the transmission system, the length of the bench can be effectively reduced and the stability of the bench can be increased. Through the newly designed clamping mechanism, different specifications and diameters of the bench can be realized. The lifting system and the propulsion system are driven by hydraulic pressure to realize the required operation of the test bench, such as lifting, descending, advancing and retreating. In the design of the hoisting system, an additional lifting protection support bar is added, which adds a new guarantee for the safe operation of the test bench. By using relatively mature electronic control technology, the automatic and semi-automatic operation process of the test bench in the experimental process is realized. The parameters such as applied torque, drilling pressure, rotational speed, temperature and inclination can be saved as EXCEL file in real time, which is convenient to be used and analyzed. According to the well trajectory control tool and the experimental performance of downhole tool simulation test bench, a set of experimental scheme with certain theoretical support is designed by using orthogonal experimental design method. The experiment process is divided into two parts: the primary selection of experimental factors, level and response, and the performance test of well trajectory control tools. The experiment takes full account of the experimental objectives, factors, level, response, experimental methods, and logistic support measures, which can effectively complete the testing task of well trajectory control tools. The bench passed the acceptance test smoothly. The experiment proved that the bench can complete the simulation experiment of the downhole tool under different drilling pressure, different torque, different rotational speed, different formation dip angle and different formation temperature conditions. It is convenient to analyze the relationship between these parameters. Due to the adoption of a more mature design and control scheme, the experimental bench has reasonable structure, perfect basic functions, and the system runs safely and reliably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE931.2

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