【摘要】：原油儲運(yùn)庫是協(xié)調(diào)原油生產(chǎn)、加工、運(yùn)輸?shù)募~帶。我國原油儲運(yùn)庫的油品計(jì)量工作以人工測量為主,具有不確定因素多、隨意性強(qiáng)等缺點(diǎn)。近年來,研究者采用仿真模擬技術(shù)對儲運(yùn)庫進(jìn)行計(jì)量,但是針對輕質(zhì)原油,這些方法沒有考慮原油溫度變化的影響,使得罐容表的制作和油品計(jì)量結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了一定偏差,帶來貿(mào)易糾紛。原油溫度場分布規(guī)律不確定,導(dǎo)致制作罐容表時(shí)采用的罐壁平均溫度存在多種算法;原油溫度變化導(dǎo)致儲罐浮頂浸沒體積為變量,而目前都是將其作為固定值計(jì)算。本文采用數(shù)值模擬、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場測試相結(jié)合的方式,對北方某公司的大型儲罐內(nèi)長儲原油的溫度場分布進(jìn)行研究。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:根據(jù)相似原理,建立了一個(gè)基于現(xiàn)場大型儲罐的等比例縮小的模型罐,設(shè)計(jì)了不同的升降溫工況,使用FLUENT軟件進(jìn)行模擬;搭建了室內(nèi)模型罐實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),在模擬工況下進(jìn)行油溫測試實(shí)驗(yàn),分析不同位置處原油溫度的實(shí)驗(yàn)值和模擬值,對比結(jié)果顯示二者具有較高的吻合度,表明該數(shù)學(xué)模型和數(shù)值計(jì)算方法具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性。根據(jù)模型罐模擬的研究方法,建立了北方某公司10萬立方米大型儲罐的數(shù)學(xué)模型。對模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)大型儲罐內(nèi)長儲原油的溫度場分布受氣溫影響的變溫過程可以分成兩個(gè)階段:油溫高于氣溫的整體降溫階段和油溫低于氣溫的分層升溫階段。油溫高于氣溫時(shí),原油的自然對流被加強(qiáng),傳熱速率高,儲罐內(nèi)原油溫度基本相同;油溫低于氣溫時(shí),原油的自然對流受到抑制,傳熱速率低,儲罐內(nèi)原油溫度出現(xiàn)分層。極端天氣條件下對現(xiàn)場大型儲罐進(jìn)行油溫測試,并對數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,得知模型準(zhǔn)確性較高�，F(xiàn)場測試結(jié)果表明,原油在水平方向上幾乎不存在溫差;罐底形成的沉積層對距罐底2.5m范圍內(nèi)的原油溫度場分布產(chǎn)生了較大影響;儲罐內(nèi)原油區(qū)域在升溫階段可以分為底部導(dǎo)熱區(qū)和上部導(dǎo)熱區(qū),降溫階段則分為底部導(dǎo)熱區(qū)和上部對流區(qū)。為了方便快捷地得到儲罐內(nèi)任意位置處的原油溫度,并且對未來原油溫度進(jìn)行預(yù)測,編制了可視化的《大型儲罐長儲原油溫度分布及質(zhì)量計(jì)算軟件》,將此軟件提供給現(xiàn)場作為技術(shù)參考,為現(xiàn)場的油品計(jì)量工作、減少計(jì)量損耗以及安全生產(chǎn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Crude oil storage and transportation depot is a link to coordinate crude oil production, processing and transportation. The measurement of crude oil products in crude oil storage and transportation depot in China is dominated by manual measurement, which has many uncertain factors and strong randomness. In recent years, the researchers used the simulation technology to measure the storage and transportation reservoir, but for the light crude oil, these methods did not take into account the influence of the crude oil temperature change, which resulted in a certain deviation between the tank capacity meter making and the oil product measurement results. Bring about trade disputes. Because of the uncertainty of the distribution of crude oil temperature field, there are many algorithms for the average temperature of the tank wall used in making the tank table. The variation of crude oil temperature results in the floating roof volume of the tank as a variable, which is now calculated as a fixed value. In this paper, the temperature field distribution of long storage crude oil in a large storage tank of a company in the north of China is studied by means of numerical simulation, laboratory experiment and field test. The main research contents are as follows: according to the principle of similarity, a model tank with equal proportion reduction based on field large storage tank is established, different rising and cooling conditions are designed, the simulation is carried out with FLUENT software, and an indoor model tank experiment system is built. The oil temperature test was carried out under the simulated working conditions, and the experimental and simulated values of crude oil temperature at different locations were analyzed. The comparison results showed that the two models had a high degree of agreement, which indicated that the mathematical model and the numerical calculation method had high accuracy. According to the research method of model tank simulation, the mathematical model of 100000 cubic meter large storage tank in a company in northern China is established. By analyzing the simulation results, it is found that the temperature field distribution of the long storage crude oil in a large tank can be divided into two stages: the whole cooling stage in which the oil temperature is higher than the temperature and the stratified warming stage in which the oil temperature is lower than the temperature. When the oil temperature is higher than the temperature, the natural convection of crude oil is strengthened, the heat transfer rate is high, and the crude oil temperature in the tank is basically the same. When the oil temperature is lower than the temperature, the natural convection of the crude oil is restrained, the heat transfer rate is low, and the crude oil temperature in the tank is stratified. Under extreme weather conditions, the oil temperature of large-scale storage tanks was measured, and the mathematical model was verified, and the accuracy of the model was found to be high. The field test results show that there is almost no temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the crude oil, and the sediment layer formed from the bottom of the tank has a great influence on the temperature field distribution of the crude oil in the range of 2.5 m from the bottom of the tank. The crude oil region in the tank can be divided into the bottom heat conduction region and the upper heat conduction area in the heating stage, while the cooling stage can be divided into the bottom heat conduction area and the upper convection zone. In order to get the crude oil temperature at any position in the tank conveniently and quickly, and to predict the future crude oil temperature, A visual software for calculating the temperature distribution and quality of long storage crude oil in large storage tanks was developed. The software was provided to the field as a technical reference, which laid a foundation for the field measurement of oil products, the reduction of metering loss and the safety of production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE972;TE81

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