【摘要】：天然氣作為清潔能源越來越受到世界各個(gè)國家的重視,氣液兩相流在石油天然氣工業(yè)中起著重要的作用。在高壓高產(chǎn)氣井試氣求產(chǎn)過程中,由于井下復(fù)雜的動載荷容易造成地層入侵到環(huán)空中形成段塞流,其流動特性對油管工作性能有很重要的影響。在反循環(huán)洗井中,井底存在固、液、氣多相流易堵塞油管,近而使得油管內(nèi)壓力急劇變化,最終導(dǎo)致油管被擠毀失效。在回顧了氣液兩相流國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和對元壩區(qū)塊進(jìn)行環(huán)境調(diào)研并對案例中油管進(jìn)行了宏觀特征分析、理化性能分析、微觀金相分析后,本文對油管內(nèi)氣液兩相流中氣柱壓力發(fā)生急劇下降原因進(jìn)行了分析,并以油管為研究對象,采用理論與數(shù)值模型相結(jié)合的方法,對油管內(nèi)段塞流的形成、氣柱在油管內(nèi)的運(yùn)動規(guī)律以及氣液兩相流的壓力變化特性進(jìn)行了模擬和計(jì)算。利用三軸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算法計(jì)算出油管的抗擠毀強(qiáng)度。最后,為了避免油管發(fā)生被擠毀失效,提出了相應(yīng)的改善措施。本文得出結(jié)論有:油管除了抗拉強(qiáng)度低于規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外,其他性能都滿足要求,油管被擠毀的力學(xué)條件與井下的動載荷(如油管內(nèi)外壓差較大)有關(guān);油管內(nèi)氣液兩相流中氣柱壓力急劇下降和油管被堵塞后環(huán)空的水錘效應(yīng)造成了油管內(nèi)外壓差增大,最終導(dǎo)致油管被擠毀;油管內(nèi)氣柱壓力變化與氣柱長度、油管下端堵塞程度、氣柱初始速度以及油管堵塞深度等因素有關(guān);油管所承受外載荷已經(jīng)超過了油管的抗擠毀強(qiáng)度。
[Abstract]:Natural gas, as a clean energy, has been paid more and more attention by many countries all over the world, and gas-liquid two-phase flow plays an important role in oil and gas industry. In the process of gas test and production in high pressure and high production gas wells, the complicated dynamic load in downhole can easily cause formation invasion to form slug flow in the annulus, and its flow characteristics have a very important influence on the performance of tubing. In reverse circulation washing wells, there are solid, liquid and gas multiphase flow at the bottom of the well, which is easy to block the tubing, which causes the pressure in the tubing to change sharply and finally causes the tubing to be destroyed and destroyed. After reviewing the present research situation of gas-liquid two-phase flow at home and abroad, the environmental investigation of Yuanba block and the analysis of the macroscopic characteristics, physical and chemical properties and microscopic metallography of the tubing in the case, In this paper, the causes of the sharp drop of gas column pressure in gas-liquid two-phase flow in tubing are analyzed. Taking the tubing as the research object, the formation of slug flow in the tubing is studied by combining the theory with the numerical model. The movement law of gas column in tubing and the pressure variation characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow are simulated and calculated. The compressive strength of the tubing is calculated by using the triaxial strength calculation method. Finally, in order to avoid the tubing collapsing failure, the corresponding improvement measures are put forward. The conclusions are as follows: except the tensile strength of tubing is lower than the prescribed standard, all other properties meet the requirements, and the mechanical condition of tubing being crushed is related to the dynamic load (such as large pressure difference between inside and outside of tubing); In the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the tubing, the pressure of the gas cylinder drops sharply and the water hammer effect of the annulus after the tubing is blocked causes the pressure difference inside and outside the tubing to increase and eventually lead to the tubing being crushed, the pressure variation and the length of the gas column in the tubing, the plugging degree of the lower end of the tubing, The initial velocity of the gas column and the depth of the tubing blockage are related to the external load of the tubing which has exceeded the compressive strength of the tubing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832

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