【摘要】：羌塘盆地位于青藏高原北部無(wú)人區(qū),是我國(guó)油氣勘探的重點(diǎn)區(qū)塊,它是青藏高原海陸相盆地中含油氣前景最為廣闊的盆地。目前羌塘盆地所發(fā)現(xiàn)具有勘探意義的油氣顯示幾乎都賦存于盆地內(nèi)中侏羅統(tǒng)布曲組晶粒白云巖之中。針對(duì)白云巖的物性和巖石成因的研究對(duì)于羌塘盆地油氣藏勘探與開發(fā)具有十分重要的意義。因此,論文通過(guò)野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查以及白云巖顯微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察、陰極發(fā)光、熒光發(fā)光對(duì)研究區(qū)白云石的特征進(jìn)行研究,并結(jié)合白云石結(jié)構(gòu)特征以及碳氧同位素、流體包裹體溫度以及鹽度的分析對(duì)白云巖成因進(jìn)行了研究。研究區(qū)侏羅系主要發(fā)育臺(tái)地相與深海-陸棚相兩種沉積體系,中侏羅統(tǒng)布曲組白云巖主要發(fā)育北部的臺(tái)地體系中。白云巖的可以歸納出4類垂向序列分別對(duì)應(yīng)4種沉積序列,沉積序列分別為:海進(jìn)型序列、海進(jìn)—海退型序列、海退—海進(jìn)型序列以及海退型序列。研究區(qū)白云巖按晶粒大小可以劃分5類,為粉晶白云巖、細(xì)晶白云巖、中晶白云巖、粗晶白云巖以及不等晶白云巖,按白云巖晶體結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),又劃分為粉-細(xì)晶直面白云石、細(xì)晶直面白云石、細(xì)-粗晶曲面它形白云石、粗晶曲面鞍形白云石、粗晶曲面鞍形白云石膠結(jié)物等。陰極發(fā)光與熒光顯微鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)這些白云石存在環(huán)帶或環(huán)邊結(jié)構(gòu),推測(cè)研究區(qū)白云巖為多種成因的白云石構(gòu)成。白云石的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)反映部分白云巖具有準(zhǔn)同生白云巖與淺埋藏白云巖的特征,白云巖全巖碳、氧同位素特征具有埋藏白云巖與熱液白云巖的相同或相似的組成特征,包裹體測(cè)溫及鹽度數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合羌塘盆地的埋藏史認(rèn)為研究區(qū)白云石主要為埋藏-熱液成因的白云石。因此推測(cè)白云巖經(jīng)歷了三期白云石化作用,分別為準(zhǔn)同生白云石化、埋藏白云石化以及熱液白云石化。白云巖儲(chǔ)集層的孔隙類型可以分為晶間孔、晶間溶孔、晶內(nèi)孔、溶蝕洞、晶間縫以及裂隙等6類,主要儲(chǔ)集空間為原生粒間孔和粒間溶孔,總體上為中等-較好的儲(chǔ)層類型,優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層的孔隙以粗大晶粒的白云巖為主。白云巖儲(chǔ)集層的發(fā)育受沉積相以及成巖作用的控制,同生期、表生期以及埋藏期的巖溶作用對(duì)儲(chǔ)集層物性有較好的建設(shè)性作用,而壓實(shí)作用、壓溶作用、膠結(jié)作用以及重結(jié)晶作用則對(duì)儲(chǔ)集層物性起著破壞作用,而熱液作用則具有兩面性,只有當(dāng)熱液溶蝕作用產(chǎn)生的孔隙未被充填時(shí),才可能形成優(yōu)質(zhì)的儲(chǔ)層。
[Abstract]:Qiangtang Basin is located in no man's land in the northern part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and is a key oil and gas exploration area in China. It is the most promising basin in the marine and continental facies basins of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. At present, almost all of the exploration oil and gas in Qiangtang basin occur in the grain dolomite of the Buqu formation of the Middle Jurassic in the basin. The study of physical properties and petrogenesis of dolomite is of great significance for exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in Qiangtang Basin. Therefore, the characteristics of dolomite in the study area were studied by field geological investigation and microstructural observation of dolomite, cathodoluminescence and fluorescence luminescence, and combined with the structural characteristics of dolomite and carbon and oxygen isotopes. The origin of dolomite was studied by analyzing the temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions. The Jurassic mainly developed platform facies and deep-sea shelf facies, and the dolomite of the Buqu formation of the Middle Jurassic mainly developed in the northern platform system. The vertical sequences of dolomite can be concluded to correspond to four kinds of sedimentary sequences respectively. The sedimentary sequences are as follows: the transgressive type sequence, the marine-regressive type sequence, the regressive type sequence and the regressive type sequence. In the study area, dolomite can be divided into 5 types according to grain size, which are powdery dolomite, fine-grained dolomite, mesocrystalline dolomite, coarse dolomite and heterocrystalline dolomite, which can be divided into silt-fine-grained perpendicular dolomite according to the crystal structure of dolomite. Fine-grained straight-faced dolomite, fine-coarse-grained surface-shaped dolomite, coarse-grained surface-saddle-shaped dolomite cement, etc. Cathodoluminescence and fluorescence microscopy show that these dolomite have ring zone or ring edge structure. It is inferred that dolomite is composed of dolomite of various origin in the study area. The microstructure of dolomite shows that some dolomite have the characteristics of quasi-syngenic dolomite and shallow buried dolomite, and the carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics of dolomite have the same or similar composition characteristics as buried dolomite and hydrothermal dolomite. According to the temperature and salinity data of inclusions and the burial history of Qiangtang basin, the dolomite in the study area is mainly composed of burial and hydrothermal origin dolomite. Therefore, it is inferred that dolomite underwent three stages of dolomitization, which were quasi-syngeneic dolomitization, buried dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomitization. The pore types of dolomite reservoir can be divided into 6 types: intergranular pore, intergranular dissolved pore, intergranular pore, solution cavity, intergranular fracture and fissure, etc. The main reservoir space is primary intergranular pore and intergranular dissolved pore, which is generally of medium to better reservoir type. The porosity of high quality reservoir is dominated by coarse grain dolomite. The development of dolomite reservoir is controlled by sedimentary facies and diagenesis. The karstification of syngenic, epigenetic and burial periods has a good constructive effect on the physical properties of reservoir, while compaction and pressure-solubilization. The cementation and recrystallization destroy the physical properties of the reservoir, but the hydrothermal process has two sides. Only when the pores produced by hydrothermal dissolution are not filled, can the high-quality reservoir be formed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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