【摘要】：油井鉆井后,在井壁和套管壁上會形成一定厚度的、強度較差的泥餅。泥餅的存在引起井壁和套管壁與水泥漿之間無法良好固化膠結(jié),最終導致固井界面膠結(jié)強度下降,嚴重影響固井質(zhì)量。本文以改善泥餅性能、提高油井固井質(zhì)量為目的,以提高泥餅強度、改善泥餅與水泥石的相容性為出發(fā)點,以泥餅在水泥濾液中的硬化機理為理論基礎,研究了一種有效增加泥餅強度的泥餅改性方法(GX),檢驗了GX方法對泥餅的改性效果及對固井界面膠結(jié)強度的增強效果,并分析了GX法的泥餅改性機理。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.通過分析養(yǎng)護溫度、養(yǎng)護時間、水泥濾液中離子對泥餅的作用過程,結(jié)合粘土的水化機理建立了水泥濾液對泥餅的作用機制模型。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):養(yǎng)護溫度越高,養(yǎng)護時間越長,泥餅強度越大;水泥濾液中,Ca~(2+)、CO32-、OH-三種離子對泥餅有不同程度的增強作用,其中Ca~(2+)在堿性條件下可使泥餅強度增大到空白泥餅的707倍;水泥濾液增強泥餅的機制模型為:水泥濾液促進泥餅內(nèi)部生成凝膠類物質(zhì),該物質(zhì)將分散的粘土顆粒膠連在一起,同時生成的碳酸鈣、氫氧化鈣、硅酸鈣等物質(zhì)一部分填充在粘土顆粒間,增大了粘土的抗壓力,另一部分包覆在粘土顆粒的表面,減小了粘土的水化膨脹量,進而提高泥餅強度。2.以泥餅在水泥濾液中的硬化模型為基礎,研究了一種有效改善泥餅性質(zhì)的方法(GX),并對其作用機理進行了研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):GX法可使搬土漿和現(xiàn)場漿的泥餅強度分別提高到原來的32倍和38倍,泥餅性能得到顯著改善;GX方法應用于現(xiàn)場漿可使模擬固井一、二界面的膠結(jié)強度分別增大到10.58倍和17.54倍;GX方法中泥餅的硬化-活化機理為:硬化劑LXAB首先在粘土顆粒層間進行骨架支撐,提高泥餅抵抗地層壓力的能力,然后活化劑中QX-1破壞粘土表面的Si-O-Si、Al-O-Al、Si-O-Al鍵,打開泥餅孔道,并生成游離硅,接下來QX-2將游離硅相互結(jié)合并形成凝膠物質(zhì),粘結(jié)粘土顆粒,最后利用QX-3誘導水泥濾液中的離子進入泥餅內(nèi)部,進一步生成大量C-S-H凝膠、氫氧化鈣、碳酸鈣等物質(zhì),這些類似水泥水化產(chǎn)物物質(zhì)的生成,增加了泥餅的致密度,提高了泥餅強度,改善了泥餅與固井水泥的相容性。
[Abstract]:After drilling, a certain thickness of mud cake is formed on the well wall and casing wall. Due to the existence of mud cake, the cementing strength of the cementing interface decreases and the cementing quality is seriously affected by the failure of solidification between the well wall and the casing wall and the cement slurry. The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of mud cake and the cementing quality of oil well, to improve the strength of mud cake, to improve the compatibility between mud cake and cement stone, and to take the hardening mechanism of mud cake in cement filtrate as the theoretical basis. A mud cake modification method, (GX), which can effectively increase the strength of mud cake, was studied. The modification effect of GX method on mud cake and cementing strength at cementing interface was tested. The mechanism of mud cake modification by GX method was analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1. Based on the analysis of curing temperature, curing time and the action process of ions on mud cake in cement filtrate, the mechanism model of cement filtrate acting on mud cake was established in combination with the hydration mechanism of clay. It is found that the higher the curing temperature, the longer the curing time, the greater the strength of mud cake, and the more enhanced the mud cake is by three kinds of ions (Ca2 ~ (2) CO32-OH-) in cement filtrate. Ca~ (2) can increase the strength of mud cake to 707 times that of blank cake under alkaline condition, and the mechanism model of cement filtrate enhancing mud cake is that cement filtrate can promote the formation of gel material inside the cake, which connects the dispersed clay particles together. The formation of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium silicate and other substances partly filled between clay particles, increased clay pressure resistance, the other part coated on the surface of clay particles, reducing the amount of clay hydration expansion, Therefore, the strength of mud cake was increased by 2. 2. Based on the hardening model of mud cake in cement filtrate, an effective method for improving the properties of mud cake, (GX), was studied and its mechanism was studied. It is found that the mud cake strength of the lifting slurry and the field slurry can be increased by 32 times and 38 times of the original mud cake strength, respectively. The performance of mud cake can be significantly improved by using the GX method in the field slurry to simulate cementing. The cementing strength of the two interfaces is increased to 10.58 times and 17.54 times respectively. The hardening and activation mechanism of the mud cake in the GX method is as follows: the hardener LXAB first carries out skeleton support between the clay particles to improve the clay cake's ability to resist formation pressure. Then the QX-1 in the activator breaks the Si-O-Si,Al-O-Al,Si-O-Al bond on the clay surface, opens the mud cake hole, and generates free silicon. Then QX-2 binds the free silicon to form the gel material, which binds the clay particles. Finally, QX-3 was used to induce the ions in the cement filtrate to enter into the mud cake and to produce a large amount of C-S-H gel, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other substances, which were similar to the formation of cement hydration products, which increased the density of the mud cake. The strength of mud cake is improved and the compatibility of mud cake and cementing cement is improved.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE254

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