【摘要】：新疆油田吉7區(qū)原油屬于稠油,采用摻熱水管道集油至中心站,再用拉油車送到聯(lián)合站的集油工藝。集油管道采用的摻水管與集油管放在同一條管溝之內(nèi)聯(lián)合保溫的敷設(shè)方式(聯(lián)合保溫),在運行中出現(xiàn)一些問題：如摻水管道溫降較大,1.5km左右的摻水管道,最大溫降曾達到24℃；設(shè)計過程中計算的結(jié)果不符,利用軟件模擬溫降僅為10℃,與實測數(shù)據(jù)相差14℃。對吉7區(qū)摻水管溫降較大及管道終點計算不準(zhǔn)確兩個問題展開研究。 基于傳熱學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,建立了摻水集油同溝敷設(shè)管道在分別保溫(摻水管和集油管分別有各自的保溫層,兩條管道放在同一管溝內(nèi))、聯(lián)合保溫和復(fù)合保溫(在聯(lián)合保溫的基礎(chǔ)上,在摻水管與管間空氣之間添加一定厚度的保溫層)三種情況下的數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用保角變換的數(shù)學(xué)方法對模型進行求解。對于同溝敷設(shè)分別保溫管道,推導(dǎo)了土壤溫度場表達式、管道總換熱系數(shù)和軸向溫度分布解析表達式,在對計算結(jié)果進行驗證的基礎(chǔ)上分析了影響管道傳熱的因素。針對聯(lián)合保溫管道,推導(dǎo)出不考慮管間輻射換熱情況下管道軸向溫度計算的表達式；利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法對管間輻射換熱量進行計算,進而編寫了考慮管間輻射換熱時的沿線溫度計算程序;分析了管道散熱量和沿線溫度分布在考慮和不考慮管間輻射換熱兩種情況下的差異,對兩種情況下計算結(jié)果進行驗證；分析了影響分別保溫管道傳熱的因素。在總結(jié)分別保溫和聯(lián)合保溫敷設(shè)方式特點的基礎(chǔ)上,提出復(fù)合保溫敷設(shè)方式并介紹其沿線溫度分布的計算方法,分析了三種不同敷設(shè)方式對新疆昌吉油田的適用性。 結(jié)果表明,利用分別保溫沿線溫度分布表達式計算的結(jié)果最大誤差為0.58℃；在保溫層較薄時,管道終點溫度隨著保溫層的增加而升高,當(dāng)保溫層超過30mm時,再增加保溫厚度對終點溫度的影響較�。槐貙訛�30mm時,沿線溫度隨著管道間距的增加而下降,但幅度極�。惶岣吖艿榔鹗紲囟饶茉谳^大程度上提高其終點溫度,對另一條管道沿線溫度變化的影響較�。还艿澜K點溫度與管道埋深土壤溫度呈線性關(guān)系。考慮輻射換熱時,聯(lián)合保溫?fù)剿芸偵崃亢图凸艿奈鼰崃烤龃?摻水管輻射換熱量占其向管間空氣散熱總量的9.8%,集油管輻射吸熱量占其從管間吸熱總量的33%,且管道終點溫度在考慮輻射換熱時的計算誤差更��；隨著保溫層厚度的增加,兩管終點溫度均上升,上升速度隨保溫層厚度增加逐漸降低；提高摻水管起始溫度能有效增加摻水管和集油管終點溫度,摻水管起始溫度每增加5℃,其終點溫度升高3.4℃,集油管終點溫度因沿線吸熱量增加而升高0.7℃。分別保溫輻射條件下,管道系統(tǒng)總散熱量最多,但摻水管散熱量較少；摻水管在聯(lián)合保溫敷設(shè)方式下的散熱量明顯偏高；復(fù)合保溫敷設(shè)管道總散熱量最少,且摻水管散熱量也較低,較為適合新疆昌吉油田。
[Abstract]:The crude oil in Ji 7 area of Xinjiang oilfield belongs to heavy oil. It adopts the technology of gathering oil from the hot water pipeline to the central station, and then delivers it to the combined station by pulling oil truck. The maximum temperature drop of water-mixing pipeline about km was 24 C. The results of calculation in the design process were not consistent. The temperature drop simulated by software was only 10 C, which was 14 C different from the measured data.
Based on the theory of heat transfer, three kinds of conditions for laying pipelines with water and oil in the same ditch are established, which are respectively heat preservation (water pipe and oil pipe have their own heat preservation layer, two pipelines are placed in the same ditch), combined heat preservation and composite heat preservation (on the basis of combined heat preservation, a certain thickness of heat preservation layer is added between water pipe and air between water pipe). In this paper, the soil temperature field, the total heat transfer coefficient and the axial temperature distribution are deduced, and the factors affecting the heat transfer of the pipeline are analyzed on the basis of verifying the calculation results. The expression of the axial temperature of the pipe without considering the radiation heat transfer between pipes is deduced. The network algorithm is used to calculate the radiation heat transfer between pipes, and then the temperature calculation program considering the radiation heat transfer between pipes is compiled. The difference of heat transfer between two cases is verified, and the factors affecting heat transfer of insulation pipes are analyzed. On the basis of summarizing the characteristics of insulation laying and combined insulation laying, the composite insulation laying method is put forward and the calculation method of temperature distribution along the line is introduced. Three different laying methods are analyzed. The applicability of the method to Xinjiang Changji oilfield.
The results show that the maximum error is 0.58 Increasing the initial temperature of the pipeline has little effect on the temperature variation along the other pipeline; the terminal temperature of the pipeline has a linear relationship with the soil temperature of the pipeline buried depth. With the increase of the heat transfer rate, the radiant heat transfer rate of the mixing pipe accounted for 9.8% of the total heat transfer rate to the air between the pipes, and the radiant heat absorption rate of the oil collector pipe accounted for 33% of the total heat transfer rate between the pipes. Increasing the initial temperature of the mixed water pipe can effectively increase the terminal temperature of the mixed water pipe and the oil collecting pipe. The terminal temperature of the mixed water pipe increases by 3.4, and the terminal temperature of the oil collecting pipe increases by 0.7. The total heat dissipation of the pipes with composite insulation laying is the least, and the heat dissipation of the pipes with composite insulation laying is also lower, so it is more suitable for Changji Oilfield in Xinjiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832

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