【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)油站采用四合一氣液分離處理工藝可以達(dá)到簡(jiǎn)化站內(nèi)工藝、降低投資的目的,因此近年來(lái)四合一組合裝置在YSL油田的應(yīng)用也日益廣泛。然而隨著運(yùn)行時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),四合一頻頻出現(xiàn)煙、火管鼓包或穿孔等問(wèn)題,影響生產(chǎn)安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘查和垢樣化驗(yàn)結(jié)果,煙火管燒損主要是由于產(chǎn)出液中含有大量淤泥等雜質(zhì),易沉積、粘附在煙火管頂面,經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的高溫加熱轉(zhuǎn)化結(jié)垢導(dǎo)致的。經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)研得知,為了防止加熱爐煙火管外表面結(jié)垢,國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展出了一系列的清防垢工藝,一些技術(shù)也進(jìn)行過(guò)小范圍試驗(yàn)應(yīng)用,但并沒(méi)有形成一套成熟適用的、經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的實(shí)時(shí)、在線清防垢技術(shù)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)油田煙火管清防垢主要依靠定期清淤、酸洗等手段,但這種措施需要設(shè)備停產(chǎn)才能進(jìn)行,影響生產(chǎn)安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本文開(kāi)展四合一高壓水力射流清防垢技術(shù)研究,采用高壓水力射流定期沖洗煙火管頂面的方法,避免雜質(zhì)沉積進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)化成垢,實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)、在線清防垢,保證生產(chǎn)安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。通過(guò)調(diào)研水力射流清洗技術(shù)得知,其在交通化工等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域均已廣泛應(yīng)用,且本身優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,但在煙火管清防垢的課題上尚未有相關(guān)研究。本文通過(guò)對(duì)四合一煙火管表面沉積物進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘查和取樣分析,明確煙火管的結(jié)垢分布規(guī)律,為高壓水力射流清防垢工藝技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和確定清防垢周期提供技術(shù)參數(shù)。在實(shí)際工藝開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際,采用摻水泵作為增壓設(shè)備,四合一底水作為高壓水力射流的水源,根據(jù)水質(zhì)特性,通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真計(jì)算,研究高壓水力射流的噴射壓力、流速、沖洗角度等不同參數(shù)的清防垢作用效果,綜合分析噴嘴的開(kāi)孔數(shù)量、靶距、噴射角度和規(guī)格尺寸所對(duì)應(yīng)的沖洗作用區(qū)域大小,確定高壓水力射流清防垢工藝關(guān)鍵技術(shù)參數(shù)。然后根據(jù)射流關(guān)鍵參數(shù)結(jié)合四合一加熱段空間結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)煙火管清防垢管路,確定煙火管的射流輸送管和噴嘴的具體工藝參數(shù)。最后繪制出高壓水力射流清防垢裝置工藝制造及四合一內(nèi)部安裝圖,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可用高壓水源,設(shè)計(jì)出四合一外部供水管路。為檢驗(yàn)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用效果,結(jié)合YSL油田四合一維修計(jì)劃安排,選定SHE22轉(zhuǎn)油站2#四合一進(jìn)行高壓水力射流清防垢現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)。經(jīng)過(guò)1年多的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)跟蹤試驗(yàn)效果,結(jié)果顯示安裝高壓水力射流清防垢裝置的煙火管頂面基本未結(jié)垢。
[Abstract]:The four-in-one gas-liquid separation process can simplify the in-station process and reduce the investment, so the four-in-one combination device has been widely used in YSL oilfield in recent years. However, with the extension of operation time, smoke, fire pipe bulging or perforation frequently appear, which affects the safe and stable operation of production. According to the field investigation and scale test results, pyrotechnic tube burning is mainly due to a large amount of sludge and other impurities in the production fluid, easy to deposit, adhere to the top of the pyrotechnic tube, and after a long period of high temperature heating conversion to scale. After investigation, we know that in order to prevent the fouling on the outer surface of the pyrotechnic tube of the heating furnace, a series of scale cleaning and anti-scaling processes have been developed at home and abroad, and some of the technologies have also been tested in a small scale, but they have not formed a set of mature and applicable ones. Economical and feasible real-time, online anti-scaling technology. At present, the scale control of pyrotechnic pipe in domestic oil field mainly depends on regular silt cleaning and acid cleaning, but this kind of measure needs the equipment to stop production, which affects the safe and stable operation of production. Aiming at this problem, this paper studies the anti-scaling technology of four-in-one high-pressure hydraulic jet, and adopts the method of regularly washing the top surface of pyrotechnic pipe with high-pressure hydraulic jet to avoid the deposition of impurity and convert it into scale, so as to realize real-time and on-line anti-scaling. Ensure production safety and smooth operation. Through the investigation of hydraulic jet cleaning technology, it has been widely used in various fields, such as transportation and chemical industry, and its own advantages are obvious, but there is no related research on the subject of pyrotechnic pipe cleaning and scale prevention. In this paper, the fouling distribution of the pyrotechnic tube is determined by on-the-spot investigation and sampling analysis of the surface sediment of the four-in-one pyrotechnic pipe, which provides technical parameters for the development of the scale cleaning and anti-scaling technology with high-pressure hydraulic jet and the determination of the anti-scaling period. In the process of practical process development, combined with the field practice, the mixing pump is used as the booster equipment, and the four-in-one bottom water is used as the source of the high pressure hydraulic jet. According to the water quality characteristics, the computer simulation calculation is carried out. The anti-scaling effect of high pressure hydraulic jet with different parameters, such as injection pressure, velocity and flushing angle, was studied. The size of the flushing area corresponding to the number of nozzle holes, the target distance, the injection angle and the size of the nozzle was analyzed synthetically. Determine the key technical parameters of high pressure hydraulic jet cleaning and scale prevention technology. Then according to the key parameters of the jet and the space structure of the four-in-one heating section, the anti-scaling pipeline of the pyrotechnic pipe is designed, and the specific technological parameters of the jet conveying pipe and the nozzle of the pyrotechnic pipe are determined. Finally, the process of high pressure hydraulic jet cleaning and anti-scaling device and the internal installation diagram of the four-in-one system are drawn, and the external water supply pipeline of the four-in-one system is designed in combination with the high pressure water sources available in the field. In order to test the field application effect of the technology, combined with the four-in-one maintenance plan of YSL Oilfield, the SHE22 transfer Station was selected to carry out the scale cleaning and scale prevention test with high pressure hydraulic jet. After more than one year of field tracking test, the results show that the top surface of pyrotechnic pipe installed with high pressure hydraulic jet cleaning device is basically not fouled.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE832.36

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