發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 17:33

【摘要】：油氣集輸站場是油田地面工程建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目,轉(zhuǎn)油站作為集輸系統(tǒng)的重要工藝段,所傳輸處理的介質(zhì)具有易燃易爆等高危特性,一旦站內(nèi)壓力設(shè)備失效發(fā)生泄漏極易導(dǎo)致高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生。本文從我國投產(chǎn)運(yùn)營時(shí)間較長的老舊轉(zhuǎn)油站生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)出發(fā),在國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對事故后果風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析的相關(guān)研究基礎(chǔ)上,確立了QRA(定量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析)評價(jià)方法,以某轉(zhuǎn)油站系統(tǒng)為實(shí)例應(yīng)用。(1)根據(jù)對全國的典型油氣安全事故進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,介質(zhì)泄漏而導(dǎo)致燃燒爆炸、中毒的事故率高達(dá)85%以上。以工藝危險(xiǎn)有害因素分析為基礎(chǔ),對我國轉(zhuǎn)油站系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行單元?jiǎng)澐?識別出具有高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。(2)確定關(guān)鍵壓力容器在不同相態(tài)介質(zhì)下的QRA計(jì)算方法,以國際石化行業(yè)事故數(shù)據(jù)庫為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合國內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)油站實(shí)際生產(chǎn)情況提出概率修正計(jì)算方法,確定待評價(jià)容器的泄漏頻率。(3)構(gòu)建轉(zhuǎn)油站因設(shè)備泄漏引發(fā)的重氣云擴(kuò)散、火災(zāi)爆炸等后果事件樹。考慮轉(zhuǎn)油站場在不同干預(yù)時(shí)間內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)條件不變的情況下,按照流體運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律確定不同泄漏情形下的泄漏速率及泄漏量。采用噴射火、池火、蒸氣云爆炸等破環(huán)后果對事故進(jìn)行模擬,由QRA方法計(jì)算熱輻射、超壓值傷害的影響范圍。結(jié)合特殊站場周邊的社會(huì)環(huán)境,分析個(gè)人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分布值。(4)運(yùn)用Phast Risk軟件模擬驗(yàn)證個(gè)人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等高線與社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)F-N曲線,參照相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平判定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級范圍。針對具體生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備提出降低事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的有效控制措施,為油氣集輸站場的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)提供理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)支持�；谵D(zhuǎn)油站系統(tǒng)全面開展合理有效的QRA評價(jià),能有效運(yùn)用于油氣行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場,為降低事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。同時(shí)減小人員傷亡、環(huán)境污染等后果,提高系統(tǒng)總體安全生產(chǎn)水平。
[Abstract]:The oil and gas gathering and transporting station is the key production project of oil field surface engineering construction. As an important process section of gathering and transportation system, the medium transmitted and treated has high risk characteristics, such as flammable and explosive, etc. Once the station pressure equipment failure leakage is easy to lead to high-risk accidents. Based on the production characteristics of old and old transfer stations in our country, and on the basis of the research of domestic and foreign scholars on the risk analysis of accident consequences, the QRA (quantitative risk Analysis) evaluation method is established in this paper. Based on the statistical analysis of typical oil and gas safety accidents in China, the leakage of medium leads to combustion and explosion, and the accident rate of poisoning is as high as 85%. Based on the analysis of the hazardous factors of the process, the unit division of the transfer station system in China is carried out, and the critical equipment with high risk is identified. (2) the QRA calculation method of the key pressure vessel in different phase state medium is determined. Based on the international petrochemical industry accident database and combined with the actual production situation of domestic transfer stations, the probability correction calculation method is put forward to determine the leakage frequency of containers to be evaluated. (3) the heavy gas cloud diffusion caused by equipment leakage in the transfer stations is constructed. A tree of consequence events such as fire and explosion. The leakage rate and leakage amount under different leakage conditions are determined according to the law of fluid movement under the condition that the basic parameters of the transfer station field are constant in different intervention time. The damage range of thermal radiation and overpressure was calculated by QRA method. Combined with the social environment around the special station yard, the personal risk and the distribution value of social risk are analyzed. (4) the personal risk contour and the F-N curve of social risk are simulated and verified by Phast Risk software. To determine the range of risk levels with reference to the acceptable risk levels specified in the relevant standards. The effective control measures to reduce the accident risk are put forward in view of the key equipment in the actual production, which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the risk evaluation of the oil and gas gathering and transporting station. The reasonable and effective QRA evaluation based on the transfer station system can be effectively applied to the production site of oil and gas industry and provide scientific basis for reducing the accident risk. At the same time reduce casualties, environmental pollution and other consequences, improve the overall safety of the system production level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE88

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