【摘要】：生物柴油作為當(dāng)前國(guó)際上快速發(fā)展的可再生能源,具有氮、硫含量低,燃燒污染小的特點(diǎn)。在地球上分布廣泛的微藻,油脂含量高、增殖速度快、能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率高,可作為生物柴油的重要生產(chǎn)原料。然而由于生產(chǎn)成本過(guò)高,微藻生物柴油目前仍然處于初步發(fā)展階段。本研究從解決現(xiàn)有生物柴油原料油脂產(chǎn)量低,常見(jiàn)的微藻生物油制取方法產(chǎn)率低、能耗大的的角度出發(fā),對(duì)微藻油脂原料制備、生物油制取過(guò)程中所遇到的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。首先,對(duì)微藻原料制備過(guò)程中的影響因素——碳源、氮源、磷源、光照等條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,制備了干生物量約為2.1 g/L、油脂含量約為22%、油脂產(chǎn)量約為0.41 g/L的微藻原料。采用電混凝法對(duì)微藻原料進(jìn)行采收。并研究了超聲、凍融、酸熱等破碎方法對(duì)微藻油脂原料破碎處理效果的影響在獲得較高油脂產(chǎn)量的微藻原料的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行微藻生物油制取,通過(guò)單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)與正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化亞臨界流體法濕法生物油制取條件,得到的最佳搭配條件為:乙醇作為溶劑,正己烷作為助溶劑,溶劑助溶劑體積比為6:1,反應(yīng)溫度為240℃,停留時(shí)間為30 min,物料比為1:30。在該條件下的微藻生物油產(chǎn)率為72.6%。對(duì)獲得的微藻生物油進(jìn)行性質(zhì)分析,該生物油燃燒性能好、清潔環(huán)保、與柴油成分相似,具有良好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。對(duì)干、濕法微藻生物油制取方法進(jìn)行可行性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)亞臨界流體濕法微藻生物油制取方法產(chǎn)率高、能耗低,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Biodiesel, as a rapidly developing renewable energy in the world, has the characteristics of low nitrogen and sulfur content and low combustion pollution. Microalgae, which are widely distributed on the earth, have high oil content, high speed of proliferation and high efficiency of energy conversion, so they can be used as important raw materials for biodiesel production. However, due to the high production cost, microalgae biodiesel is still in the initial stage of development. From the point of view of low oil production of biodiesel feedstock, low yield of microalgae bio-oil and high energy consumption, the problems encountered in the preparation of microalgae oil and bio-oil were studied. Firstly, the factors affecting the preparation of microalgae were optimized, such as carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus source and light. The dry biomass of microalgae was about 2.1 g / L, the oil content was about 22%, and the oil yield was about 0.41 g / L. Microalgae were harvested by electric coagulation method. The effects of ultrasonic, freezing and thawing, acid heat and other crushing methods on the processing effect of microalgae oil raw material were studied. The microalgae bio-oil was prepared on the basis of obtaining the microalgae raw material with higher oil yield. By single factor experiment and orthogonal test, the optimum conditions for the preparation of subcritical fluid wet bio-oil were obtained: ethanol as solvent, n-hexane as cosolvent, volume ratio of solvent cosolvent 6: 1, reaction temperature 240 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2175398