【摘要】：近十多年來(lái),超壓成因研究在國(guó)際上取得了重要進(jìn)展,主要表現(xiàn)在5個(gè)方面。(1)將超壓按照成因分為5種類型:不均衡壓實(shí)、流體膨脹、成巖作用、構(gòu)造擠壓、壓力傳遞;其中流體膨脹超壓的成因包括生烴作用、油裂解氣、水熱膨脹等,成巖作用則包括蒙脫石—伊利石轉(zhuǎn)化作用等。(2)總結(jié)提出了6種超壓成因判識(shí)方法,包括測(cè)井曲線組合分析法、鮑爾斯法(加載-卸載曲線法)、聲波速度-密度交會(huì)圖法、孔隙度對(duì)比法、壓力計(jì)算反推法以及綜合分析法。(3)隨著實(shí)證超壓成因研究方法的逐漸廣泛應(yīng)用,許多被普遍認(rèn)為屬于不均衡壓實(shí)成因的超壓已被完全或部分否定,生烴作用作為超壓成因的重要性和普遍性正在得到愈來(lái)愈多證實(shí),黏土礦物成巖作用特別是蒙脫石—伊利石轉(zhuǎn)化作用對(duì)超壓形成的重要性也已受到重視,構(gòu)造擠壓和壓力傳遞成因的超壓得到進(jìn)一步確認(rèn),而且現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)許多盆地或地區(qū)的超壓可能為復(fù)合成因。(4)不同的巖性其超壓成因往往有別:就泥質(zhì)巖而言,烴源巖與非烴源巖的超壓成因常常不同,通常烴源巖內(nèi)發(fā)育的超壓大多與生烴作用密切相關(guān),有時(shí)成巖作用也具有重要貢獻(xiàn);非烴源巖內(nèi)所發(fā)育的超壓多與不均衡壓實(shí)、成巖作用或壓力傳遞等有關(guān);砂巖等滲透性巖層的超壓則多為壓力傳遞成因。(5)對(duì)于烴源巖層段的超壓成因分析而言,由于有機(jī)質(zhì)含量對(duì)密度、聲波等測(cè)井參數(shù)具有明顯影響,因此在運(yùn)用這些測(cè)井資料分析烴源巖層段的超壓成因時(shí),需要進(jìn)行有機(jī)質(zhì)含量校正,校正前后超壓成因的分析結(jié)果往往不同。
[Abstract]:In recent ten years, the research on the cause of overpressure has made important progress in the world, mainly in five aspects. (1) the overpressure is divided into five types according to the origin: unbalanced compaction, fluid expansion, diagenesis, tectonic compression, pressure transfer; The causes of fluid expansion and overpressure include hydrocarbon generation, oil cracking gas, hydrothermal expansion, diagenesis including montmorillonite-Illite transformation and so on. (2) six methods for determining the origin of overpressure are summarized and put forward, including log curve combination analysis. Bowles method (load-unloading curve method), sonic velocity-density cross plot method, porosity contrast method, pressure calculation backstepping method and comprehensive analysis method. (3) with the increasing application of empirical overpressure research methods, Many overpressures, which are generally considered to be the cause of unbalanced compaction, have been completely or partially negated, and the importance and universality of hydrocarbon generation as a cause of overpressure are increasingly being confirmed. The importance of the diagenesis of clay minerals, especially the montmorillonite-Illite transformation, to the formation of overpressure has also been emphasized, and the genesis of tectonic compression and pressure transfer has been further confirmed. Moreover, it has been found that the overpressure in many basins or regions may be of composite origin. (4) the origin of overpressure in different lithology is often different: in the case of argillaceous rocks, the origin of overpressure in source rock is often different from that in non-source rock. Most of the overpressures developed in source rocks are closely related to hydrocarbon generation, and sometimes diagenesis also plays an important role, and the overpressure developed in non-source rocks is mostly related to uneven compaction, diagenesis or pressure transfer, etc. The overpressure of sandstone isosmotic strata is mostly the origin of pressure transfer. (5) for the origin analysis of overpressure in source rock formation, the content of organic matter has obvious influence on the density and sonic logging parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the content of organic matter when using these logging data to analyze the origin of overpressure in the source rock formation, and the analysis results of the cause of overpressure are often different before and after correction.
【作者單位】： 西安石油大學(xué)陜西省油氣成藏地質(zhì)學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室西安石油大學(xué)地球科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家重大科技專項(xiàng)(2016ZX05044,2011ZX05007-004) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(No.41502132)資助
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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本文編號(hào)：2174173