【摘要】：水平井作業(yè)中常采用柔性鉆柱,鉆柱的穩(wěn)定性直接影響到鉆井的成敗,而鉆柱屈曲載荷的預(yù)測一直是鉆井行業(yè)面臨的一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。鉆柱在鉆進(jìn)過程中的失穩(wěn)可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問題,例如鉆柱的疲勞損傷,井下工具的過度磨損,隨鉆測量的失效,鉆頭的過度損耗,鉆頭的粘滑運(yùn)動,井壁的不穩(wěn)定性和沖蝕以及低效率鉆進(jìn)等。因此,為保證水平井鉆井的成功,理解和掌握水平井鉆柱的穩(wěn)定性和屈曲行為機(jī)理至關(guān)重要。本文分別分析了水平受壓旋轉(zhuǎn)梁的靜力學(xué)屈曲行為和動力學(xué)屈曲行為。靜力學(xué)屈曲行為的研究:以受水平圓管約束的細(xì)長管柱為分析模型,考慮摩阻和邊界約束,建立受約束管柱非線性屈曲行為的靜力學(xué)微分方程。采用微分求積法(DQ法)和Newton迭代法求解控制方程,分析簡支—簡支(Simply Supported-Simply Supported)、簡支—固支(Simply Supported-Clamped)、固支—簡支(Clamped-Simply Supported)和固支—固支(Clamped-Clamped)這四種邊界約束條件對鉆柱穩(wěn)定性的影響;同時(shí),分析摩擦系數(shù)的變化對水平井鉆柱的屈曲臨界載荷及屈曲變形的影響規(guī)律;分析鉆柱自身的重力對水平井鉆柱屈曲問題的重要影響。動力學(xué)屈曲運(yùn)動的分析:以旋轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)狀態(tài)下的水平井鉆柱為分析對象,描述鉆柱的動態(tài)屈曲行為,擬建動力學(xué)屈曲方程。應(yīng)用能量法和最小勢能原理推導(dǎo)出水平井鉆柱的正弦屈曲臨界載荷和螺旋屈曲臨界載荷的計(jì)算公式。改造實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)的水平井鉆柱動力學(xué)特性模擬試驗(yàn)裝置,進(jìn)行水平井鉆柱靜力學(xué)屈曲和動力學(xué)屈曲的模擬試驗(yàn)。通過模擬試驗(yàn)的方法分析水平井作業(yè)中軸向載荷的傳遞效率,并得到摩阻力變化趨勢。采用摩阻力增量加速度判斷法結(jié)合試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)判定鉆柱分別發(fā)生正弦和螺旋屈曲的臨界載荷,與數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果對比分析。利用模擬試驗(yàn)研究了轉(zhuǎn)速對水平井鉆柱動態(tài)屈曲運(yùn)動的影響規(guī)律,觀察動態(tài)屈曲振動的幅值和軸心軌跡的變化規(guī)律。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的增加,動態(tài)屈曲振動的幅值以及振動頻率會變大;鉆柱轉(zhuǎn)速由17r/min增大到107r/min的過程中,螺旋屈曲臨界載荷由靜態(tài)時(shí)的86%降低到75%;轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到107r/min時(shí),若加載載荷超過螺旋屈曲臨界載荷,會將鉆柱的動態(tài)屈曲運(yùn)動由蛇形運(yùn)動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闇u動運(yùn)動。
[Abstract]:Flexible drill string is often used in horizontal well operation, the stability of drill string directly affects the success or failure of drilling, and the prediction of buckling load of drill string is always a challenge to drilling industry. The instability of drill string during drilling may lead to serious problems, such as fatigue damage of drill string, excessive wear and tear of downhole tools, failure of measurement while drilling, excessive loss of drill bit, movement of stick-slip of drill bit, etc. Instability and erosion of wellbore and low efficiency drilling. Therefore, in order to ensure the success of horizontal well drilling, it is very important to understand and master the stability and buckling behavior mechanism of horizontal well drill string. The static buckling behavior and dynamic buckling behavior of horizontally compressed rotating beams are analyzed in this paper. Study on buckling behavior of statics: a statics differential equation of nonlinear buckling behavior of a confined string is established by taking the slender pipe string constrained by a horizontal circular tube as an analytical model and taking into account friction and boundary constraints. The differential quadrature method (DQ method) and Newton iterative method are used to solve the governing equation. The effects of four boundary constraints, namely, Simply Supported-Simply Supported), simple support (Simply Supported-Clamped), fixed simple support (Clamped-Simply Supported) and fixed branch fixed support (Clamped-Clamped), on the stability of drill string are analyzed. The influence of the variation of friction coefficient on the buckling critical load and buckling deformation of the drill string in horizontal wells is analyzed, and the important influence of the gravity of the drill string on the buckling problem of the drill string in horizontal well is analyzed. Dynamic buckling analysis: the dynamic buckling behavior of the drill string is described and the dynamic buckling equation is proposed. The formulas of sinusoidal buckling critical load and spiral buckling critical load of drilling string in horizontal wells are derived by using the energy method and the principle of minimum potential energy. The static and dynamic buckling tests of horizontal well drill string were carried out by modifying the dynamic simulation test device of horizontal well drill string in laboratory. The transfer efficiency of axial load in horizontal well operation is analyzed by simulation test, and the variation trend of friction resistance is obtained. The critical loads of sinusoidal buckling and spiral buckling of drill string were determined by the method of incremental acceleration judgment of friction resistance combined with test data, and the results were compared with the results of numerical calculation. The effect of rotating speed on dynamic buckling motion of drill string in horizontal wells was studied by simulation test. The amplitude of dynamic buckling vibration and the variation of axial trajectory were observed. It is found that the amplitude and frequency of dynamic buckling vibration increase with the increase of rotational speed, and the critical load of spiral buckling decreases from 86% to 75% in the process of increasing the rotation speed of drill string from 17r/min to 107r/min, and the critical load decreases from 86% to 75% when the rotation speed reaches 107r/min. If the loading load exceeds the critical load of spiral buckling, the dynamic buckling motion of drill string will change from snake motion to vortex motion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE243

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