【摘要】：PDC鉆頭在泥頁(yè)巖地層鉆進(jìn)時(shí)極易發(fā)生鉆頭泥包,對(duì)鉆井帶來(lái)不利影響。研究泥頁(yè)巖地層的泥包機(jī)理,提出防治PDC鉆頭泥包的方法,對(duì)于提高鉆井質(zhì)量與效益具有極其重要的意義。本文研究了泥質(zhì)巖屑的特征以及泥質(zhì)巖屑在PDC鉆頭表面的粘附特性,認(rèn)為泥包的本質(zhì)就是泥質(zhì)巖屑在鉆頭表面的粘附,是機(jī)械鑲嵌與化學(xué)吸附共同作用的結(jié)果。為研究各因素對(duì)泥質(zhì)巖屑粘附性能的影響規(guī)律,使用粘附系數(shù)作為粘附性能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行了直剪切試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,粘附系數(shù)隨泥質(zhì)巖屑含水量的變化呈拋物線規(guī)律變化,最大值出現(xiàn)在塑限與液限之間;泥質(zhì)巖屑在堆焊硬化的合金鋼表面粘附系數(shù)最大,約為普通合金鋼的1.9倍,其次是鑄造碳化鎢,約為普通合金鋼材料的1.6倍;當(dāng)含水量一定時(shí),粘附系數(shù)隨顆粒尺寸的增大而減小;泥質(zhì)巖屑粘附系數(shù)隨粘土礦物含量的增加而增大,且以蒙脫石為主要粘土礦物的泥質(zhì)巖屑的粘附系數(shù)最大,其次是伊蒙混層、伊利石,高嶺石的粘附系數(shù)最小;泥質(zhì)巖屑在水基鉆井液中的粘附系數(shù)要遠(yuǎn)大于油基鉆井液,在加入PAM、Kcl、Nacl、RH-2等添加劑以后,粘附系數(shù)均有不同程度地減小,其中減小程度最大的為添加RH-2的情況。通過(guò)對(duì)PDC鉆頭井底的工作環(huán)境和巖屑受力分析,建立了防止泥質(zhì)巖屑粘附的臨界流速模型,為PDC鉆頭水力參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)提供了量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。提出了一套完整的預(yù)防PDC鉆頭泥包的方法,為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)鉆井提供了理論與技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:When PDC bit is drilling in shale formation, it is easy to occur bit mud bag, which has adverse effect on drilling. It is of great significance to improve the drilling quality and benefit by studying the mechanism of shale formation and putting forward a method to prevent and cure the mud ladle of PDC bit. In this paper, the characteristics of mud cuttings and the adhesion characteristics of mud cuttings on the surface of PDC bits are studied. It is considered that the nature of mud bundles is the adhesion of mud cuttings to the surface of bits, which is the result of the interaction of mechanical mosaics and chemisorption. In order to study the influence of various factors on the adhesion properties of muddy cuttings, direct shear tests were carried out using the adhesion coefficient as the index of adhesion performance evaluation. The results show that the adhesion coefficient varies in parabola with the change of water content of muddy cuttings, the maximum value occurs between plastic limit and liquid limit, and the adhesion coefficient of mudstone debris on the surface of alloy steel hardened by surfacing is the largest, which is about 1.9 times of that of common alloy steel. The second is cast tungsten carbide, which is about 1.6 times that of common alloy steel, when the water content is fixed, the adhesion coefficient decreases with the increase of particle size, and the adhesion coefficient of muddy cuttings increases with the increase of clay mineral content. The adhesion coefficient of clay cuttings with montmorillonite as the main clay mineral is the largest, followed by immonitic layer, Illite and kaolinite, and the adhesion coefficient of mudstone cuttings in water-based drilling fluid is much higher than that of oil-based drilling fluid. The adhesion coefficient decreased in varying degrees after adding additives such as PAM Kcl-Nacln (RH-2), and the biggest decrease was in the case of adding RH-2. By analyzing the working environment and cuttings force at the bottom of PDC bit, a critical velocity model for preventing the adhesion of muddy cuttings is established, which provides a quantitative standard for the design of hydraulic parameters of PDC bit. A complete method for preventing mud ladle of PDC bit is put forward, which provides theoretical and technical support for field drilling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE921.1

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