【摘要】：環(huán)空氣竄幾乎是所有天然氣井固井都存在的一個(gè)潛在問題,輕則導(dǎo)致井口環(huán)空帶壓,重則發(fā)生不可控井噴事故,嚴(yán)重影響油氣井的固井質(zhì)量和安全。準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)水泥漿凝結(jié)過程中的防氣竄能力是有效預(yù)防潛在環(huán)空氣竄風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。而現(xiàn)有水泥漿防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)預(yù)測(cè)方法主要考慮了水泥漿失水、膠凝過渡時(shí)間等性能,對(duì)井底地層、套管等相關(guān)特定工況對(duì)氣竄的影響考慮較少,未能很好地解決環(huán)空氣竄問題。因此,在現(xiàn)有評(píng)價(jià)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,開展膠凝態(tài)水泥漿防氣竄性能研究,建立更為綜合、全面、可操作性強(qiáng)的防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)新方法,對(duì)固井環(huán)空氣竄的預(yù)防及防止具有重要意義。 本文在水泥漿防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)方法現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,從水泥凝結(jié)水化機(jī)理角度入手分析,提出了固井早期氣竄防止的關(guān)鍵性能指標(biāo)；結(jié)合膠凝態(tài)水泥漿滲透率研究現(xiàn)狀,探索形成了膠凝態(tài)水泥漿滲透率實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試方法,并研發(fā)了對(duì)應(yīng)的專用實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試裝置；基于土壤學(xué)中有關(guān)土壤孔隙度的測(cè)試原理,結(jié)合水泥水化特性與土壤的異同,探索形成了膠凝態(tài)水泥漿孔隙度實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試方法；在現(xiàn)有研究基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)了初凝前塑性態(tài)水泥漿體積收縮與孔隙壓力之間的量化關(guān)系模型,為井底實(shí)際工況條件下的氣侵危險(xiǎn)時(shí)間確定提供了依據(jù)；基于氣體在環(huán)空膠凝態(tài)水泥漿本體內(nèi)的驅(qū)替滲流過程,建立了對(duì)應(yīng)的氣竄滲流物理數(shù)學(xué)模型,并建立了基于膠凝態(tài)水泥漿性能的防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)新方法。 本文在基于膠凝態(tài)水泥漿性能的防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)新方法建立的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步將論文所涉及的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理、模型及評(píng)價(jià)方法編制成了水泥漿防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)軟件,增強(qiáng)了該評(píng)價(jià)方法的可操作性和實(shí)用性。本文在實(shí)驗(yàn)方法研究,理論研究和軟件程序編制的基礎(chǔ)上,形成的結(jié)論如下： (1)本文結(jié)合水泥水化凝結(jié)過程及機(jī)理分析,提出將靜膠凝強(qiáng)度、膠凝態(tài)水泥漿滲透率、膠凝態(tài)水泥漿孔隙度及水泥漿塑性體積收縮等水化凝結(jié)過程中的自身材料物理化學(xué)特性作為固井早期氣竄防止的關(guān)鍵性能指標(biāo)。 (2)在膠凝態(tài)水泥漿滲透率研究基礎(chǔ)上,探索形成膠凝態(tài)水泥漿滲透率實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試方法,并研發(fā)了對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試裝置。研究認(rèn)為水泥漿凝結(jié)過程中的滲透率性質(zhì)呈特定函數(shù)下降變化趨勢(shì),凝結(jié)成水泥石后逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定。 (3)借鑒土壤孔隙度測(cè)試原理,結(jié)合水泥水化的特殊性,將土壤孔隙度測(cè)試方法進(jìn)行針對(duì)性改進(jìn),探索形成膠凝態(tài)水泥漿孔隙度測(cè)試方法。研究認(rèn)為初凝前的膠凝態(tài)水泥漿孔隙度隨時(shí)間呈降低趨勢(shì),并最終趨于穩(wěn)定。 (4)從水泥漿初凝前的塑性體積收縮影響孔隙壓力下降的角度出發(fā),基于候凝過程中的“套管-水泥漿-地層”物理模型的建立,推導(dǎo)了塑性體積收縮對(duì)孔隙壓力的影響關(guān)系模型。結(jié)合泥餅氣竄啟動(dòng)壓力的測(cè)試,研究認(rèn)為真正意義上的氣侵危險(xiǎn)時(shí)間應(yīng)是從失重壓力平衡點(diǎn)至初凝所經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間。 (5)在水泥環(huán)本體氣竄滲流物理數(shù)學(xué)模型研究的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了水泥漿防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)新方法,并編制了水泥漿防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)軟件。該評(píng)價(jià)方法可有效結(jié)合油氣井實(shí)際工況參數(shù)及膠凝態(tài)水泥漿性能,綜合評(píng)價(jià)水泥漿防氣竄能力；水泥漿防氣竄能力評(píng)價(jià)軟件的編制,增強(qiáng)了該方法的可操作性。
[Abstract]:The annular air channeling is almost a potential problem in all natural gas well cementing. The light leads to the pressure of the wellhead and the uncontrollable blowout accident, which seriously affects the cementing quality and safety of the oil and gas wells. It is the key technology to effectively prevent the risk of the potential air channeling by the accurate evaluation of the anti gas channeling ability in the process of cement slurry condensation. The existing evaluation and prediction method of anti gas channeling capability of cement slurry mainly considers the performance of cement slurry water loss and cementitious transition time, which has less influence on gas channeling in the bottom hole formation, casing and other specific conditions, and can not solve the air channeling problem well. Therefore, on the basis of the existing evaluation methods, the anti gas channeling of cement slurry is carried out. It is of great significance for the prevention and prevention of air channeling in cementing ring to study and establish a more comprehensive, comprehensive and operable new evaluation method for gas channeling prevention.
On the basis of the current situation investigation of cement slurry anti gas channeling capability evaluation method, the key performance indexes of early cementing gas channeling prevention are put forward from the angle of cement condensation hydration mechanism, and the permeability test method of cementitious cement slurry is formed by combining with the present situation of cementitious cementitious cement slurry permeability, and the corresponding test method is developed. Based on the testing principle of soil porosity in soil science, combined with the similarities and differences between cement hydration characteristics and soil, an experimental method for testing the porosity of cementitious cement slurry is explored. On the basis of the existing research, the quantitative relation between the volume contraction of the plastic cement slurry and the pore pressure before the initial setting is derived. The system model provides the basis for the determination of the gas invasion time under the actual conditions of the bottom hole, and based on the displacement seepage process of the gas in the annular cementitious cement slurry, the corresponding physical model of gas channeling seepage is established, and a new method of evaluating the anti gas channeling capability based on the properties of cementitious cement slurry is established.
On the basis of the new method of evaluating the anti gas channeling capability based on the properties of cementitious cement slurry, the experimental data processing, model and evaluation method involved in the paper are further developed into a software for evaluating the anti gas channeling capability of cement slurry, which has enhanced the operability and practicability of the evaluation method. On the basis of software programming, the conclusions are as follows:
(1) in this paper, combined with the analysis of cement hydration and condensation process and mechanism, the physical and chemical properties of the material in the process of hydration condensation, such as static gelation strength, cementitious cement slurry permeability, cementitious cement slurry porosity and plastic volume shrinkage of cement slurry, are proposed as the key performance indicators of gas channeling prevention in early cementing.
(2) on the basis of the study of cementitious cement slurry permeability, the experimental test method for forming cementitious cement slurry permeability is explored and the corresponding experimental device is developed. It is considered that the permeability properties of cement slurry in the process of cement slurry show a specific decreasing trend, and gradually tend to be stable after the cementing.
(3) drawing on the principle of soil porosity testing and combining the particularity of cement hydration, the method of soil porosity testing is improved and the porosity testing method of cementitious cement slurry is formed. The porosity of cementitious cement slurry before initial coagulation is reduced and eventually tends to stability.
(4) from the angle of the plastic volume contraction before the initial solidification of cement slurry affects the decrease of pore pressure, based on the establishment of the physical model of "casing cement slurry formation" in the process of weather coagulation, the relationship model of the effect of plastic volume shrinkage to the pore pressure is derived. The danger time should be the time from the balance point of weightlessness to the time of initial solidification.
(5) on the basis of the physical mathematical model of gas channeling seepage in cement ring, a new method for evaluating the anti gas channeling capability of cement slurry is established, and a software for evaluating the anti gas channeling capability of cement slurry is developed. The evaluation method can effectively combine the actual working condition parameters of the oil and gas wells and the cementitious cement slurry performance, and comprehensively evaluate the anti gas channeling capability of cement slurry; The preparation of evaluation software for slurry anti gas channeling capability enhanced the operability of the method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE256

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