【摘要】：近幾十年來,隨著陸上油氣資源的日益枯竭,海洋油氣正成為油氣開采領(lǐng)域的熱點,但是隨之而來的技術(shù)難題限制了其進一步發(fā)展,其中氣-液分離問題尤為突出。緊湊型內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器因其能夠提高氣-液分離效率,解決分離裝置中液體過載和海上平臺空間受限等問題,以及適應(yīng)于深水或超深水油氣開發(fā)等優(yōu)點,正倍受關(guān)注并飛速發(fā)展。本文通過數(shù)值模擬及理論分析提出了內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)并對其進行了相關(guān)的數(shù)值研究,同時用實驗方法驗證及分析了該脫液器分離性能及穩(wěn)定性,為其走上工業(yè)化奠定基礎(chǔ)。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:緊密跟蹤國外內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器發(fā)展動態(tài),在理解和分析現(xiàn)有裝置基礎(chǔ)上,首先以旋流分離基本原理為依托,初步確定了內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器導(dǎo)流葉片、分離腔和排氣管等關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸,然后建立內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器內(nèi)部流場的幾何模型,借助CFD軟件FLUENT對內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器進行流場分布及分離特性模擬,隨后改變導(dǎo)葉個數(shù)及導(dǎo)葉出口角,進一步研究不同結(jié)構(gòu)下內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器的分離特性,得到脫液器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及液滴粒徑、入口速度和含液量變化對分離效率及壓降損失的影響規(guī)律。最后結(jié)合理論設(shè)計和數(shù)值模擬的情況,設(shè)計并加工了一套室內(nèi)實驗測試系統(tǒng),分別在不同工況下對內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器樣機進行了分離性能實驗研究,同時與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進行比照分析。本文得出以下主要結(jié)論:通過數(shù)值模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器的分離效率隨入口速度、液滴粒徑及導(dǎo)葉出口角的增大而增大;壓降損失隨液滴粒徑的增大而減小,而隨入口速度及導(dǎo)葉出口角的增大而增大,其中速度與壓降的變化呈拋物線狀,非常吻合局部壓降計算公式,此外可用能量損耗系數(shù)K比較直觀且全面的表征內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器單元運行過程中的能量損耗;導(dǎo)葉個數(shù)和導(dǎo)葉出口角度都存在一個最優(yōu)值,在8個導(dǎo)葉和45o導(dǎo)葉出口角時,脫液器整體分離效率最好;在含液量比較低時,脫液器分離效率比較理想,當(dāng)含液量增大到一定值時,分離效率會出現(xiàn)下降的趨勢。實驗結(jié)果表明,對于一定結(jié)構(gòu)的脫液器而言,當(dāng)液體流量(含液量)保持不變時,脫液器的分離效率及壓降損失隨著氣體流量(入口速度)的增大而增大;在氣體流量保持不變時,隨著液體流量的不斷增高,其分離效率呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降小的趨勢。實驗結(jié)果和模擬分析得到的變化趨勢是比較吻合的,說明本文所采取的數(shù)值模擬方法是可信賴的。本文所設(shè)計的內(nèi)聯(lián)式脫液器樣機在實驗運行中呈現(xiàn)了良好的分離性能和穩(wěn)定性,同時分離性能還有很大的提升空間,它的研制對空間有限的海上平臺來說具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, with the increasing depletion of onshore oil and gas resources, offshore oil and gas is becoming a hot spot in the field of oil and gas production, but the following technical difficulties limit its further development, especially the gas-liquid separation problem. Compact inline demultiplexer has attracted much attention and developed rapidly because it can improve the efficiency of gas-liquid separation, solve the problems of liquid overload in the separation device, limit the space of offshore platform, and adapt to oil and gas development in deep or ultra deep water. In this paper, the structural parameters of the inline demultiplexer are presented by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. At the same time, the separation performance and stability of the demultiplexer are verified and analyzed by the experimental method. Lay the foundation for its industrialization. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the development of inline demultiplexer abroad is closely followed. On the basis of understanding and analyzing the existing devices, based on the basic principle of swirl separation, the flow guide vane of inline demultiplexer is preliminarily determined. The size of the key structure, such as the separation chamber and the exhaust pipe, and the geometric model of the internal flow field of the inline demultiplexer are established. The flow field distribution and the separation characteristics of the internal demultiplexer are simulated with the help of CFD software FLUENT. Then the number of guide vane and the outlet angle of guide vane are changed to further study the separation characteristics of inline demultiplexer under different structures. The structure parameters and droplet diameter of the demultiplexer are obtained. The effect of inlet velocity and liquid content on separation efficiency and pressure drop loss. Finally, a set of indoor experimental test system is designed and manufactured in combination with the theoretical design and numerical simulation. The separation performance of the prototype of the internal demultiplexer is studied in different working conditions. At the same time, the results of numerical simulation are compared and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: by numerical simulation, it is found that the separation efficiency increases with the increase of inlet velocity, droplet diameter and outlet angle of guide vane, and the pressure drop loss decreases with the increase of droplet diameter. However, with the increase of inlet velocity and outlet angle of guide vane, the variation of velocity and pressure drop is parabolic, which is in good agreement with the formula of local pressure drop. In addition, the energy loss coefficient K can be used to characterize the energy loss of inline demultiplexer units during operation, and there is an optimum value for the number of guide vane and the outlet angle of guide vane, when the outlet angles of 8 guide vane and 45o guide vane are obtained, When the liquid content is low, the separation efficiency is ideal. When the liquid content increases to a certain value, the separation efficiency will decrease. The experimental results show that the separation efficiency and pressure drop loss of the demultiplexer increase with the increase of the gas flow rate (inlet velocity) when the liquid flow rate (liquid content) remains constant for the demultiplexer with a certain structure. When the gas flow rate remains constant, the separation efficiency increases first and then decreases with the increase of liquid flow rate. The experimental results are in good agreement with the trend obtained by simulation analysis, which shows that the numerical simulation method adopted in this paper is reliable. The prototype of the inline demultiplexer designed in this paper presents good separation performance and stability in the experimental operation, and the separation performance also has great room for improvement. The development of the prototype has important practical significance for the offshore platform with limited space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京石油化工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE95

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本文編號：2162667